Important Events of the Civil War

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Important Events of the Civil War

• These are the significant events that played a
  major role in the outcome of the war!

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April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter

• Union fort in Charleston, S. Carolina
• When supplies sent from the North by way of the
  fleet, the Confed. Attacked the fort, seeing this
  as an ACT OF WAR
• CIVIL WAR OFFICIALLY BEGINS!

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July 21, 1861 Bull Run (Manassas, Va.)

• Confed. Gen. Beauregard v. Union Gen. McDowell
• 1st battle of the Civil War picnic bystanders
  there to watch the obvious quick defeat of the
  South
• Confederates better organized, Union had to
  retreat

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Soldiers at Bull Run / Manassas
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Significance of Bull Run

• North needed more and better training
• Not as superior here as Northerners thought!

• South better organized but needed more and
  better training
• Boost in morale to the South due to victory

War would be much longer and bloodier than people
originally thought
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Merrimack (Virginia) Monitor

• Merrimack captured Union ship fitted w/ iron
  plates (renamed the Virginia)
• Virginia attacks Hampton Roads, Va Union sends
  the Monitor (revolving gun turret)
• 1st time in history ironclads fought!
• Neither ironclad received much damage
• Marked a turning point in naval history
  ironclads replace older wooden ships in sea battle

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The Monitor w/ its revolving gun turret
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The Virginia (Merrimack)
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April 1862 Battle of Shilohon Tenn. /
Mississippi border

• Confederate General Sydney Johnston was going to
  lead a surprise attack v. Grant
• Both armies pretty equal at Shiloh
• Johnston attacked and the Confed pushed the Union
  back
• 25,000 Union reinforcements arrived at nightfall
  and the next day the Confederates were defeated

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Shiloh cont.

• Union casualties 13,000
• Confederate casualties 11,000
• Grant, It would have been possible to walk in
  any direction and step w/o touching the ground,
  just dead bodies
• Grant went after the Confed army, many wanted
  Grant replaced due to the casualties Lincoln
  thought Grant was the Norths best chance at
  victory!

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Sept. 17, 1862 Antietam

• Lees victory at 2nd Bull Run convinced Confed.
  To attack the Union-victory might bring French
  and British support
• Lee w/45,000 troops into Md. Confed split their
  forces, these orders got into the hands of the
  Union - no surprise attack now!
• Union attacked the Confed. Along Antietam Creek
  near Sharpsburg, Md.

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Antietam cont.

• Bloodiest single day of fighting in the entire
  war!!!!
• More than 26,000 soldiers killed or wounded
• Lee retreated (really this battle was a draw) but
  the North called it a victory McClellan did not
  pursue Lee-Lincoln angry

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Lincoln at Antietam
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Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland
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Jan. 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation

• First issued after the Battle of Antietam
  Lincoln needed to broaden the goals of the war
  for the North-North spirits were sinking due the
  Confed. Successes on land!
• Lincoln felt he needed the full support of
  anti-slavery groups, so he decided he needed to
  end slavery, but wanted a Union victory 1st got
  it at Antietam

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Take effect Jan. 1, 1863 UNLESS the S. states
  returned to the Union-None did!
• This gave the war meaning for many
  Northerners-now a struggle to end slavery
• Discouraged Europe to stay out of the conflict
  because many Eur nations had laws v. slavery and
  did not want to side against a gov fighting to
  end slavery
• Dec. 18, 1865 13th amendment (ends all slavery!!

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Lincolns notes Emancipation Proclamation
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July 1-3 1863 Battle of Gettysburg

• Accidental clash between Union and Confed units
  (shoes)?
• Union Gen. Meade w/ about 85,000 and Lee w/
  65,000 Confed forces meet in the most celebrated
  battle of the war
• After 1 day, Union forces held-so Lee decided to
  attack the Union center this charge was known as
  Picketts Charge

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Gettysburg cont.

• After 3 days 23,000 Union casualties more than
  22,000 Confed casualties 7000 of which came from
  Picketts Charge
• Lee retreated on July 4 once again, the Union
  did not pursue the enemy-Lincoln not happy
• Union victory (turning point in war)

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The End is NEAR!!!!!!!!!!!!!

• Never again would the weakened Confederate forces
  be strong enough to seriously threaten the Union

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Gen. Lee
Gen. Meade
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Battle of Gettysburg
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Meade
Lee
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Nov. 19, 1863 Gettysburg Address

• Burial site of the soldiers who fought at
  Gettysburg, miles long
• Northerners built a cemetery to honor the dead
  (all-both sides)
• President Lincoln attended the dedication
  ceremony he was to give a speech

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Gettysburg Address cont.

• The first speaker at the ceremony was one of the
  most famous speakers of the time-he gave a 2hr
  speech
• Lincoln stood and spoke, his speech lasted only
  about 3 min One of the greatest speeches ever
  given, even to this day!

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Gettysburg Address

• This speech made it clear why Union soldiers had
  died
• America was created through liberty- Lincoln
  reminded those in attendance that all men are
  created equal

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Cemetery Ridge Gettysburg National Cemetery
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Gettysburg Cemetery
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Troops arriving by river to Shiloh
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Photo of the battleground at Shiloh
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May 1864 March to the SeaTotal War

• At this point the South facing defeat
• Large amts of Confed land as well as the
  Mississippi R. under control of Union forces
• Gen Grant decides to wage Total War destroy the
  S. armies as well as all of their resources
  civilians have to suffer too!

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March to the Sea

• Wm Tecumseh Sherman sent to Atlanta, Ga
• Atlanta burned to the ground-from there Sherman
  was to march to the E coast
• Sherman w/his 100,000 forces left a 60mile wide
  strip of burned crops, barns, and warehouses
  along the way-Sherman destroyed everything he
  couldnt use
• Destroy Southern morale and their will to fight,
  Sherman most hated man in South

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Apr. 9, 1865 Appomattox Courthouse

• Richmond was captured on Apr 3, Lee retreated and
  Grant chased and overtook Lee so Lee, at that
  point did not want to see anymore of his soldiers
  die so he surrendered.
• Grant and Lee were to meet at Appomattox
  Courthouse in Virginia for the terms of surrender

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Lee Surrenders

• Lee came dressed in his best uniform and his
  sword
• Grant came in a tattered coat and muddy boots and
  offered his terms of surrender

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Terms of Surrender

• Soldiers can keep their horses for plowing
• Soldiers received a 1 day ration of food
• Soldiers could keep their sidearms
• Confederate soldiers were released on parole
• Horses and sidearms were probably theirs to begin
  with
• War is OVER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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Outside the farmhouse where surrender took place
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Apr. 14, 1865 Lincoln Assassinated

• 5 days after Lee surrendered, President Lincoln
  is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a fanatical
  Confederate sympathizer, in Fords Theater in
  Wash D.C. while he watched a play

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What Lincolns Assassination meant to the nation

• This was a tragedy for both the North and the
  South-Lincoln was the one man best equipped to
  resolve the N, S, tensions as they started to
  rebuild and restore the U.S.
• Lincoln did not want to severely punish the
  South, but many Republicans did!

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