Confined Spaces 29 CFR 1910.146

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Confined Spaces29 CFR 1910.146
Cummins Southern Plains, Ltd.
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Confined Space Training

• Definitions
• Confined Space Program
• Confined Space Permit System
• Atmospheric Testing
• Duties
• Authorized Entrant
• Attendant
• Entry Supervisor

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Confined Space Defined

• Is large enough and so configured that an
  employee can bodily enter and perform assigned
  work AND
• Has limited or restricted means for entry and
  exit AND
• Is not designated for continuous employee
  occupancy.

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Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)

• Confined space that has one or more of the
  following characteristics
• 1. Contains or has the potential to contain a
  hazardous atmosphere
• 2. Contains a material that has the potential
  for engulfing an entrant
• 3. Has an internal configuration such that an
  entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by
  inwardly converging walls or by sloped/tapered
  floors Or
• 4. Contains any other serious recognized
  hazard

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Hazardous Atmosphere

• An atmosphere that may expose employees to the
  risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of
  ability for self-rescue (unaided), injury or
  acute illness from one or more of the following
  causes
• 1. Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10
  of its LFL
• 2. Airborne combustible dust at a concentration
  that meets or exceeds its LFL
• 3. Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5
  or above 23.5
• 4. Atmospheric concentration of any substance in
  Sub Parts G or Z which exceeds the PELs.
• 5. Any other atmospheric condition that is
  immediately dangerous to life or health

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Non-Permit Confined Space

• A confined space that does not contain or, with
  respect to atmospheric hazards, have the
  potential to contain any hazard capable of
  causing death or serious physical harm.

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Potential Permit-Required Confined Spaces

• Cooling Water Tank Dynamometer
• Engulfment
• Trash Compactor Arlington
• Inwardly Converging Walls

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Confined Space Entry.

• Entry The action by which a person passes
  through an opening into a permit-required
  confined space Entry includes ensuing work
  activities in that space and is considered to
  have occurred as soon as any part of the
  entrants body breaks the plane of an opening
  into the space.

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Confined Space Program

• Written program.
• Responsibility, Accountability Duties Outline
  for each major position provide training
• CS Inventory List both Permit Required Confined
  Spaces (PRCS) and Confined Spaces (CS) list
  hazards for each Note any changes in use or
  procedures that would re-classify space
• Unauthorized Entry Prevention All employees
  aware of CS locations use signs, training and/or
  LOTO. Prohibit entry!!!
• Permit System Spells out the permit content
  must describe methods to be used to issue, post,
  cancel and audit permits, and to return spaces
  back to service.

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Confined Space Program

• Attendants Provide at least one attendant
  outside the PRCS for the duration of each entry.
• - Specify duties general qualifications
• - Multiple spaces?
• Entry Preparation Outline the equipment and
  methods to be used to identify and evaluate
  hazards. Confirm that conditions are safe to
  enter and will remain so for the duration of the
  entry.
• Entry Permit verifies these steps for the
  proposed entry
• Rescue

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Confined Space Permit System

• Space purpose of entry
• Date entry duration
• Authorized entrants
• Attendants
• Entry Supervisor
• Hazards of the PRCS
• Acceptable entry conditions

• Results of initial periodic tests
• Rescue emergency services
• Communication procedures
• Equipment to be used
• Any other safety info
• Other permits

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Atmospheric Testing

• Evaluation Testing CS analyzed using equipment
  of sufficient sensitivity and specificity to
  identify any hazardous atmosphere that may exist
  or arise.
• - develop permit entry procedures by results
• - conducted/reviewed by technically qualified
  professional

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Atmospheric Testing

• Verification Testing Periodic testing for
  residues of all contaminants identified by
  evaluation testing.
• - permit specified equipment
• - ensure concentrations within acceptable ranges
  of permit entry conditions
• - record results on permit
• - testing stratified atmospheres
• - order of testing (Oxygen, LEL, CO, H2S)

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Typical Hazardous Contaminants

• CH4 (METHANE) LIGHTER THAN AIR
• CO (CARBON MONOXIDE) SAME AS AIR
• H2S (HYDROGEN SULFIDE) HEAVIER

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Sampling Strategy

• Sample Bottom, Center and Top of Space

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Multi-Gas Instruments

• OXYGEN - MIN 19.5 , MAX 23.5
• CO - ALARM 35PPM
• COMBUSTIBLE - ALARM 10 LEL
• H2S - ALARM 10 PPM

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Oxygen (O2)

• 20.9 NORMAL
• 15 - 19 DECREASED ABILITY AT STRENUOUS WORK
  AND BREATHING DIFFICULTIES, PEOPLE W/ CORONARY,
  PULMONARY, OR CIRCULATION DIFFICULTIES.
• 10 - 12 RESPIRATION RATE INCREASES, LOSS OF
  JUDGEMENT, LIPS TURN BLUE
• 8 - 10 MENTAL FAILURE, ASHEN COMPLEXION,
  NAUSEA.
• 6 - 8 FATAL AT 8 MINUTES , 50 FATAL AT 6
  MINUTES, TREATMENT REQUIRED FOR RECOVERY AT 4 TO
  5 MINUTES
• 4 - 6 COMA WITHIN 40 SECONDS, CONVULSIONS,
  CEASED RESPIRATION, FOLLOWED BY DEATH

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Carbon Monoxide (CO)

• 35 PPM ALARM LEVEL - PERMISSIBLE OVER 8 HOURS
• 200 PPM SLIGHT HEADACHE AFTER 3 HOURS
• 600 PPM SEVERE HEADACHE, DISCOMFORT _at_ 1 HOUR
• 2000 PPM CONFUSION, HEADACHE, NAUSEA _at_ 2 HRS
• 2500 PPM ALL OF THE ABOVE WITH PALPITATION OF
  THE HEART AND UNCONCIENCENESS _at_ 30 MINUTES
• 4000 PPM DEATH UNDER 1 HOUR !!

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Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

• 10 PPM ALARM LEVEL, PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT
• 15 PPM SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT _at_ 15 MINUTES
• 50-100 PPM MILD EYE IRRITATION, LOSS OF SENSE
  OF SMELL, MILD RESPIRATORY IRRITATION _at_ 1 HOUR
• 200 - 300 PPM PRONOUNCED EYE IRRITATION, MARKED
  RESPIRATORY IRRITATION.
• 500 - 700 PPM UNCONCIOUSNESS LEADING TO DEATH
  WITHIN 1 HOUR
• 1000 PPM DEATH WITHIN MINUTES !!

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Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
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Forced Air Ventilation

• No hazardous atmosphere allowed when employee
  inside a PRCS.
• Forced air ventilation used to control any
  hazardous atmosphere.
• Air directed to ventilate immediate areas where
  employees located continuous.
• Air supply from clean source
• Periodic testing

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Purge vs. Ventilate
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Purge Guidelines

• 7 COMPLETE AIR EXCHANGES
• KNOW YOUR SPACE (VOLUME)
• KNOW YOU BLOWER CAPACITY
• VOLUME / CAPACITY X 7
• MINUTES PURGE TIME

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Purge Time Example

• VOLUME 10 X 8 X 6 HIGH FOR A TOTAL OF 480
  CUBIC FT
• CAPACITY 640 CFM WITH 1 X 90 DEGREE BEND.
• VOLUME / CAPACITY X 7
• 480 / 640 X 7 5.25 MINUTES

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Authorized Entrants Duties

• Know space hazards, mode of exposure, symptoms of
  overexposure and consequences of exposure
• Use appropriate personal protective equipment
  properly
• As necessary, maintain communication with
  attendants
• Exit from permit space as soon as possible when
  ordered by an authorized person, when the entrant
  recognizes the warning symptoms of exposure
  exist, when a prohibited condition exists, or
  when an automatic alarm is activated
• Alert the attendant when a prohibited condition
  exists or when warning symptoms of exposure
  exist.

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Attendants Duties

• Remain outside permit space during entry
  operations unless relieved by another authorized
  attendant
• Perform no-entry rescues when specified by
  procedure
• Know existing and potential hazards
• Maintain communication and keep accurate account
  of those workers entering the permit-required
  space
• Order evacuation of the permit space when a
  prohibited condition exists, a worker shows signs
  of hazardous exposure, an emergency outside the
  confined space exists, and when the attendant
  cannot effectively and safely perform required
  duties

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Attendants Duties

• Summon rescue and other services during an
  emergency.
• Ensure that unauthorized persons stay out of
  permit space and inform entrants and supervisor
  of entry by unauthorized persons
• Perform no other duties that interfere with the
  attendants primary duties

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Entry Supervisors Duties

• Know space hazards, mode of exposure, symptoms of
  overexposure and consequences of exposure
• Verify emergency plans and specified entry
  conditions
• Terminate entry and cancel permits when entry
  operations are completed or if a new condition
  exists
• Take appropriate measures to remove unauthorized
  entrants
• Ensure that entry operations remain consistent
  with the entry permit and that acceptable entry
  conditions are maintained

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Confined Space Decision Tree
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Confined Space Training

• Any Questions??