Food Chains and

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Food Chains and Food Webs
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Autotrophs/Producers

• A groups of organisms that can use the energy in
  sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
  Glucose (food)
• Autotrophs are also called Producers because they
  produce all of the food that heterotrophs use
• Without autotrophs, there would be no life on
  this planet
• Ex. Plants and Algae

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Autotrophs/Producers
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Autotrophs/Producers

• Chemotrophs
• Autotrophs that get their energy from inorganic
  substances, such as salt
• Live deep down in the ocean where there is no
  sunlight
• Ex. Bacteria and Deep Sea Worms

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Heterotrophs/Consumers

• Organisms that do not make their own food
• Another term for Heterotroph is consumer because
  they consume other organisms in order to live
• Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Mushrooms

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Heterotrophs/Consumers
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Heterotrophs/Consumers

• Consumers
• 1. Scavengers/Detritivores feed on the tissue
  of dead organisms (both plans and animals)
• Ex. Vultures, Crows, and Shrimp

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Heterotrophs/Consumers

• Consumers
• 2. Herbivores eat ONLY plants
• Ex. Cows, Elephants, Giraffes

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Heterotrophs

• Consumers
• 3. Carnivores eat ONLY meat
• Ex. Lions, Tigers, Sharks

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Heterotrophs

• Consumers
• 4. Omnivores eat BOTH plants and animals
• Ex. Bears and Humans

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Heterotrophs

• Consumers
• 5. Decomposers absorb any dead material and
  break it down into simple nutrients or
  fertilizers
• Ex. Bacteria and Mushrooms

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Transfer of Energy

• When a zebra eats the grass, it does not obtain
  all of the energy the grass has (much of it is
  not eaten)
• When a lion eats a zebra, it does not get all of
  the energy from the zebra (much of it is lost as
  heat)

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Food Chains

• The energy flow from one trophic level to the
  other is know as a food chain
• A food chain is simple and direct
• It involves one organism at each trophic level
• Primary Consumers eat autotrophs (producers)
• Secondary Consumers eat the primary consumers
• Tertiary Consumers eat the secondary consumers
• Decomposers bacteria and fungi that break down
  dead organisms and recycle the material back into
  the environment

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Food Chain
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Food Web
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Food Web

• Notice that the direction the arrow points ? the
  arrow points in the direction of the energy
  transfer, NOT what ate what
• The arrow indicates is eaten by

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Food Web
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Marine Food Webs
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Marine Food Web
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Forest/Rainforest Webs
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Forest/Rainforest Web
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Food Chains