The Eastern Mediterranean

1
The Eastern Mediterranean

• Syria, Lebanon, Jordan
• And Turkey

2
The Eastern Mediterranean
Physical Geography (pg. 196)
Syria (pg. 210)
Lebanon (pg. 211)
Jordan (pg. 212)
Turkey (pg. 200)
3
Physical Geography

• Name the three bodies of water found in the
  waterway that separates Europe from Asia.
• What makes the Dead Sea so unique?
• List the climate types for each country.
• Turkey-
• Syria-
• Lebanon-
• Jordan-
• Israel-

4
Syria

• History and Government
• People
• 5 facts for each

5
Lebanon

• History and People
• 3 facts
• Civil War and Today
• 5 facts

6
Jordan

• History and Government
• People and Resources
• 4 facts for each

7
Turkey

• History
• Invasion (2)
• Ottoman Empire (2)
• Modern Turkey (1)
• People and Culture (2)
• Turkey Today
• Government (2)
• Economy and Resources (4)

8
Physical Geography

• Dardanelles, Bosporus, and Sea of Marmara
• Lowest point on any continent and worlds
  saltiest lake
• Climates
• Syria Mediterranean, desert
• Lebanon Mediterranean
• Jordan desert
• Turkey steppe, Mediterranean, humid subtropical
• Israel desert, Mediterranean

9
Syria

• History and Government
• Capital (Damascus) oldest inhabited city
• Controlled by Ottoman Empire and France
• 1971-2000 led by dictator Hafiz al-Assad
• Socialist government owns refineries, plants,
  railroads, and some factories
• Agriculture remains important

10
Syrias People

• 18 million people
• 90 Arab, 10 Kurds and Armenians
• 74 Sunni Muslim
• 16 Druze and Alawites
• 10 Christians

11
Lebanon

• History and People
• During Ottoman period, many religious and ethnic
  minorities settled here
• Controlled by France after WWI French culture
  influenced Lebanese culture (speak French)
• Most people either Muslim or Christian

12
Lebanon Civil War and Today

• After independence, Christian and Muslim
  politicians managed to share power
• Cooperation broke down esp. b/c of Palestinian
  refugees in Lebanon
• 1970s fighting broke out and lasted until 1990
• Tens of thousands died and Beirut was damaged
• Economy slowly recovered

13
Jordan

• History and Government
• Created after WWI
• Many Palestinian refugees fled to Jordan
• 1952-1999 ruled by King Hussein
• 1990s some democratic reforms

• People and Resources
• Many are Bedouins (Arabic speaking nomads in
  Southwest Asian deserts)
• Tourism and banking are growing industries
• Depends on economic aid
• Shortage of water is a crucial resource issue

14
Turkey

• History
• Invasions
• Romans renamed Byzantium Constantinople
• CE 100s invaded by Seljuk Turks

• Ottoman Empire
• Had territory in Africa, Asia, and Europe but
  lost it after WWI
• War hero Mustafa Kemal Atatürk created democratic
  nation of Turkey

15

• Modern Turkey
• Western style of dress, language (Latin), and
  womens rights

16
People and Culture

• Mostly ethnic Turks (20 Kurds)
• Split between modern middle class and traditional
  rural Turks

17
Turkey Today

• Government
• National Assembly President and Prime Minister
• Secular (religion and government separate)

18

• Economy and Resources
• Membership with EU would increase economy
• Factories and farming (40)
• Oil, coal, and iron ore
• Water provides hydroelectric power and controversy