Welcome to China

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Welcome to China
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Geography questions from page 1

• 1. Where did and still does the majority of
  Chinas population live?
•  The majority of Chinas population lived on the
  eastern part of China along and between the Huang
  He River and Chang Jiang River
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• 2. What causes the people of China to live in
  that region?
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• The eastern region of China also was considered
  to have the most fertile lands.

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• 3. What natural and man-made barriers that have
  kept out foreign powers from conquering China?
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• NorthGreat Wall of China and Gobi Desert
•  SouthwestHimalayan Mountains
•  WestTakliman Desert and the Plateau of Tibet
  (over 10,000 feet high)
•  EastWater
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• 4. There are over 15 languages and dialects
  spoken throughout China. What is the most common
  language
• spoken?
•  Mandarin is the most popular language spoken in
  China

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General Questions on
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General Questions on Daoism

• Founder
• Laozi, a Chinese philosopher
• Real name Li Erh Tan
• When 6th century B.C.

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In What do Daoists believe? 

• People finding harmony between heaven, earth, and
  man.
• Living in harmony with nature and being content
  with ones life.

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How do followers of Daoism achieve harmony?

• They must empty themselves of any doctrines and
  knowledge, act with simplicity and humility, and
  above all seek nature.

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Buddhism
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• Founder
•  Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha, or the
  Enlightened One
• When?
• It is believed that his birth in 530 BC was the
  beginning of the religion

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• How/why was it founded?
• He searched for enlightenment to find solace in
  the painful word. This lead him to find
  Buddahood or perfect enlightenment

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 How does one reach its religion harmony or
enlightenment in their religion? --One can reach
enlightenment through meditation

• Beliefs???
• They believe that life is a cycle of pleasures
  and sorrow of death and rebirth.
• --Suffering is a basic part of life
• --A Buddhist attempt to find peace within
  himself/herself.
• --Finding happiness in the present life as well
  as in the next life.

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Confucianism

• Founder
• A Chinese philosopher named Confucius
• real name Kung fu-tzu
• When
• Unknown, but Confucius was born around 551 BC

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• Why was it founded?
• --Confucius believed that the people of China
  needed to restore the moral principles that were
  found in the ancient classics.

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In what do they believe?

• Focuses on five basic principles
• kindness
• uprightness or honesty
• decorum or good manners
• wisdom
• faithfulness
• --Confucianism believed in proper
  conductrespecting elders, fulfilling ones
  duties in a family, attaining knowledge through
  studying classics or serving the government.

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Sayings of Confucius

• THE MASTER said A teller and not a maker, one
  who trusts and loves the past I may be likened
  to our old Peng. 1
• THE MASTER said Love makes a spot beautiful
  who chooses not to dwell in love, has he got
  wisdom?
• The Master said A heart set on love will do no
  wrong.

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Sayings of Confucius

•      A man without charity in his heart-what has
  he to do with ceremonies? A man without charity
  in his heart-what has he to do with music?
       It is the spirit of charity which makes a
  locality good to dwell in. He who selects a
  neighborhood without regard to this quality
  cannot be considered wise.

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• Laozi is the founder
• 2. Teaches you to respect your elders and
  parents.
• 3. Deals with nature and harmony
• 4. Considered more of a way of life than a
  religion
• 5. Believes you can escape ones chaos through
  mediation.
• 6. One of its basic beliefs is about finding
  peace and happiness with oneself.
• 7. Believes that life is a cycle of pleasures and
  sorrows.
• 8. Which religion had the biggest impact on the
  Chinese government?

• Daoism
• Confucianism
• Daoism
• Confucianism
• Buddhism
• Buddhism
• Buddhism
• Confucianism

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General questions
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• 1. Where did Buddhism originate? How did it end
  up coming to China?
•  --India
• --Foreign traders brought it to China
•  2. What is the title of the Daosisms holy book?
  
•  --Classic of the Way and its Power

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• 2. Holy Book/text Classic of the Way and its
• Power
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• What does Dao mean? --way

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3. What do all three religions have in common?

• All three with dealing with finding peace with
  oneself and others

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4. Are these monotheistic or polytheistic?
Explain your answer

• By definition they are neither. They do not
  recognize a specific god per say, but if I had to
  pick I would call them polytheistic.
• Why?they have to many various deities that they
  mediate, recognize, or use in their religion.

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5. Which religion is the biggest today?

• Buddhism362 million followers

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6. Which religion had the biggest impact on the
Chinese government? How did it effect it?

• Confucianism
• Confucianism calls for people to have moral
  principles and to serve the government.
• It became the official ideology of the government.

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7. Why is nature so important to Daoism?

• They believe that the simplicity of nature will
  bring them closer to peace and harmony with
  themselves.

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8. Is Confucianism a religion or a way of life
for people?

• It was way of life for people.
• The government accepted it as an ideology of the
  Chinese state.

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9. What made Siddhartha Gautama such a holy
person?

• His mysterious birth from a white elephant.
• As an infant a scholar noticed the 32 auspicious
  signs of an enlightened one.

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And now the History of China
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I. Background History on China

• A. In 220 AD Chinas greatest Empire broke
  apart into small kingdoms.
• 1. Why?
• regional differences
• 2. It was common that people from different
  regions did not communicate or interact. Only
  military, traders, and government officials would
  interact between region.

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• B. For roughly 360 years after the Han Dynasty
  fell China was in political chaos.
• 1.  Barbarian invasions from the north
• made that region unstable.
• 2. In the south large landowners dominated
  government and held the most power.
• a. They even had their own armies to protect
  their lands.
• C. By 500 AD some stability came to China.
• 1. Agriculture and trade with the west for silk
  increased.
• 2.   The city of Nanjing became a bustling trade
  city
• a.       a. Nanjingpresent day city Beijing

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• D. Barbarian invaders settled and blended in
  with local cultures by 589.
• E.  During all the chaos, religion began to
  take root and spread throughout China.
• 1.   People turned to three dominant
  religions during this time to find peace within
  their lives.
• A. Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism

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III. Reunification of China

• A. In 581 a northern official named Yang Jiang
  seized power and began the Sui Dynastsy.
• 1. Yang Jian took the title Emperor Wen
• B. Emperor Wens biggest challenge was reuniting
  China and finding a national identity.

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• C. Emperor Wen used last dynasties methods to
  create a new national identity.
• 1.      He practiced the ancient Chinese
  political practice of accepting gifts, but only
  after he had refused them the official three
  times.
• a.       This tradition reminded the people of
  their common history and was a common custom in
  China
• 2.      He implemented huge public work projects
  to unite the people towards one common goal.

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Open your book to page 196

• In the boxes in your packet (page 6)
• Identify and list how Emperor Wen reunited the
  Chinese people.
• Also, fill in how these projects effected the
  people.

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Heres how he did it!

• Project
• rebuilt the Great Wall
•  built a new capital city at Changan
•  began work on the Grand Canal to connect the
  Huang He and Chang Jiang Rivers
• schools and scholarships were funded by the
  government
• established specific schools to benefit the
  Empire law, accounting, and writing ( to copy
  classic Chinese texts)
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• Effect on China
• protected China from northern barbarians
• national pride and trade center
•  Increased trade, travel and communication
  throughout China. That meant more money and jobs.
• Increased education throughout the empire
• created an educated class who could help
  effectively run the empire

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IV. The Governing of the Empire

• A. Emperor Wen established a bureaucracy to
  govern his empire efficiently

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Example of Emperor Wens bureaucracy

•  Department of State Affairs
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•  Army Finance Punishments Public Works Rites
  Civil Office
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• Regional offices throughout the empire

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• Is our system of government similar to the
  Chinese?
• How?

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• B.     Employees were classified into 9 levels
  and were paid according to their levels.
• 1.      1st level was the highest. They were paid
  900 bushels of grain per year.
• 2.   9th level was paid only 50 bushels of grain
  per year
• C.  Potential employees had to take a general
  literacy test. If they performed well they were
  given low level jobs.

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• D. Emperor Wen did not permit government
  officials to govern or work in the region they
  once lived in.
• 1. Why?
• --They did not want that officials to show
  favoritism.
• E. Roving inspectors also wandered the
  empire doing surprise inspections on government
  officials.
• F. Emperor Wen also encouraged his people to
  follow one of the three major religions of China