EAST ASIA

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EAST ASIA
MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES

• POPULATION
• JAKOTA TRIANGLE
• POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FORCES
• REGIONAL DISPARITIES
• POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

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CHINAS POLITCAL DIVISIONS

• Central government-administrated municipalities
• Autonomous regions
• Provinces

3
CHINESE LANGUAGE

• ONE OF THE WORLDS MOST ACTIVE LANGUAGES
• SPOKEN CHINESE VARIES DIALECT TO DIALECT
• Dialects not mutually intelligible
• Language uses over 50,000 characters
• No phonetic alphabet
• Must be transliterated for foreign pronunciation

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THE PINYIN SYSTEMTO SPELL SOUNDS

• ENABLED LANGUAGE TO BE A CENTRIPETAL FORCE
• ADOPTED IN 1958 in the Peoples Republic of China
• BASED ON PRONUNCIATION OF CHINESE CHARACTERS IN
  NORTHERN MANDARIN
• ESTABLISHED A STANDARD FORM OF LANGUAGE
  THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY
• THE MOST ACCEPTED SYSTEM OF ROMANIZING CHINESE

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CHINESE PERSPECTIVES

• One of the worlds great culture hearths
• Continuous civilization for over 4,000 years
• View China as center of civilized world
• Eastern vs Western bias
• Isolation
• Inward looking
• Natural protective barriers
• Effects of one ocean
• Closed society

6
CONFUCIUS

• CHINAS MOST INFLUENTIAL PHILOSOPHER AND TEACHER
• Spiritual proportions after his death
• Focused on suffering of ordinary people
• EMPHASIZED THAT HUMAN VIRTUES, RATHER THAN GODLY
  CONNECTIONS, SHOULD DETERMINE A PERSONS PLACE
  IN SOCIETY
• TEACHINGS HAVE DOMINATED CHINESE LIFE AND THOUGHT
  FOR MORE THAN 20 CENTURIES

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POPULATION

• 1.306 Billion
• One-child program
• Other measures
• Physiological density-3,524 people/sq mi
• Only 10 of the land is arable and 69 of the
  population lives on this land
• United States 415/sq mi
• India1,6 sq mi
• Bangladesh3,622 sq mi
• Distribution Eastern core western 2/3s is
  sparsely populated

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URBAN CHINA

• 360 MILLION CHINESE LIVE IN CITIES
• 38 URBANIZED
• LARGEST CITIES ARE INSIGNIFICANT ON A GLOBAL
  SCALE
• URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• AIR POLLUTION
• CONGESTION
• WATER POLLUTION

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ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

• STATE CONTROLLED ECONOMY
• SHORTAGES
• INFRASTRUCTURE
• POPULAR RESISTANCE
• ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

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REORGANIZATION UNDER COMMUNISM

• MASSIVE PROGRAMS OF RECONSTRUCTION AND REFORM
• BASED ON THE SOVIET MODEL
• LAND WAS EXPROPRIATED.
• FARMING WAS COLLECTIVIZED.
• INDUSTRIES WERE REORGANIZED AS STATE-OWNED
  COMMUNAL ENTERPRISES.
• EMPHASIS ON HEAVY INDUSTRY
• DRAMATIC SOCIAL CHANGES- EDUCATION, RELIGION,
  POPULATION GROWTH

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DENG XIAOPING ERA

• TOOK POWER IN 1979 AS A PRAGMATIC MODERATE
• OPENED CHINA TO FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• PERMITTED STUDENTS TO STUDY ABROAD
• INTRODUCED ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION MEASURES
• DECENTRALIZED DECISION-MAKING
• SHIFTED TO THE RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM IN
  AGRICULTURE
• CREATED SEZs, OPEN CITIES, OPEN COASTAL AREAS
• ATTEMPTED TO CREATE A SOCIALIST MARKET ECONOMY

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HONG KONG

• MEANS FRAGRANT HARBOR--EXCELLENT DEEP WATER
  PORT
• BOOMED DURING THE KOREAN WAR
• POPULATION
• ECONOMY
• CONTROL
• STATUS

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THE JAKOTA TRIANGLE

• CHARACTERISTICS
• Great cities
• Enormous consumption of raw materials
• State-of-the-art industries
• Voluminous exports
• Global links
• Trades surpluses
• Rapid development
• CHALLENGES
• Social problems
• Political uncertainties

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JAPAN
Population Made up of four main
islands HokkaidoSapporo Honshu Tokyo,
Osaka-Kyoto area Tokyo is worlds largest
metropolitan area Shikoku -- Kobe Kyushu
Hiroshima, Nagasaki 61,825 homes destroyed
in Hiroshima by WWII atomic bomb Total land
area Environment
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KOREA

• Population
• Turbulent political history
• -A dependency of China
• -A colony of Japan
• -Divided along the 38th parallel by Allied Powers
• Cease-fire line established 1953
• -- MDL
• --DMZ
• --Buffer zone

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NORTH-SOUTH CONTRASTS

• NORTH KOREA
• 55 of the land, 1/3 of the population, extremely
  rural
• Antiquated state enterprises
• Inefficient, non-productive agriculture
• Limited trade former Soviet Union and China
• SOUTH KOREA
• 45 of the land, 2/3s of the population, highly
  urbanized
• Modern factories
• Intensive, increasingly mechanized agriculture
• Extensive trade US, Japan, and Western Europe

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SEOUL

• Capital of Korea (late 1300s - early 1900s)
• Population
• Location
• The urban-industrial center!
• Textiles, clothing, footwear, electronic goods

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TAIWAN

• Historical background
• A Chinese province for centuries
• Colonized by Japan in 1895
• Returned to China gt WWII
• 1949 Chinese Nationalists (supported by the US)
  fled from the mainland and established the
  Republic of China (ROC)
• Territory - approximately 14,000 Square miles
• Population
• 77 urbanized

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FOUR ECONOMIC TIGERS

• SOUTH KOREA (Korea) TAIWAN (China)
• HONG KONG (China) SINGAPORE (Malaysia)
• ISSUES AND CONCERNS
• Vulnerability to Global Market Fluctuations
• Land Use Competition
• Urban Problems
• Environmental Degradation
• Political Questions
• Post Industrial Economy