Abnormal Mitochondrial Diseases

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Abnormal Mitochondrial Diseases
Zhiqian Pang
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Catalog

• What are mitochondria ?
• Whats the mitochondria disease?
• What causes mitochondria disease?
• What Symptoms could result from abnormal
  mitochondria?
• What should we do to conquer this disease?
• Parkinson's disease The most popular disease
  caused by disorder of mitochondria.

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Mitochondria
A mitochondrion (singular of mitochondria) is
part of every cell in the body that contains
genetic material. Mitochondria are responsible
for processing oxygen and converting substances
from the foods we eat into energy for essential
cell functions. Mitochondria produce energy in
the form of ATP, which is then transported to the
cytoplasm of a cell for use in numerous cell
functions.
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Mitochondria Diseases
Mitochondria are responsible for producing most
of the energy that's needed for our cells to
function. In fact, they provide such an important
source of energy that a typical human cell
contains hundreds of them. A mitochondrial
disease can shut down some or all the
mitochondria, cutting off this essential energy
supply. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations is
thought to be the reason which cause mitochondria
disease
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Symptoms of abnormal mitochondrial

• Poor growth
• Loss of muscle coordination, muscle weakness
• Visual or hearing problems
• Developmental delays, learning disabilities
• Mental retardation (????)
• Heart, liver, or kidney disease
• Gastrointestinal disorders(??????), severe
  constipation(??)

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Symptoms of abnormal mitochondrial

• Respiratory disorders
• Diabetes (???)
• Increased risk of infection
• Neurological problems, seizures
• Thyroid dysfunction (???????)
• Dementia(??)

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Causes of mitochondrial disease

• DNA (DNA contained in the nucleus of the cell)
  inheritance
• MtDNA (DNA contained in the mitochondria)
  inheritance
• Combination of mtDNA and nDNA defects
• Random occurrences

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Treatment

• Certain vitamin and enzyme therapies
• Diet therapy
• Antioxidant treatments

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Parkinsons Disease (PD)
Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the brain
characterized by shaking (tremor) and difficulty
with walking, movement, and coordination. The
disease is associated with damage to a part of
the brain that is involved with movement.
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Causes of PD
Parkinsons disease is caused by progressive
deterioration of the nerve cells of the part of
the brain that controls muscle movement.
Dopamine(???), which is one of the substances
used by cells to transmit impulses, is normally
produced in this area. Deterioration of this area
of the brain reduces the amount of dopamine
available to the body. Insufficient dopamine
disturbs the balance between dopamine and other
transmitters, such as acetylcholine(????).
Without dopamine, the nerve cells cannot properly
transmit messages, and this results in the loss
of muscle function.
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communication network in nervous system
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Healthy balance of dopamine and acetylcholine
Imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine in
Parkinson's disease.
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signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease

• Tremors
• Slowed motion (bradykinesia).
• Rigid muscles
• Loss of automatic movements
• Impaired speech
• Difficulty swallowing
• Dementia

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Treatment

• Drug treatment
• The most successful treatment that we can
  reduce our pain caused by Parkinsons disease.
• Surgical Treatment
• Recent advances in neuroimaging and
  stereotactic surgery have led to a renaissance in
  neurosurgery for Parkinsons disease.

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I believe that we can finally conquer our
diseases caused by all abnormal organs , and make
our life long!
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Thank you!