Ethiopia

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Ethiopia Millennium Development Goals 1 and 2

• Eleanor Bushe
• Amanda Donohoe

2
The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

• Location Eastern Africa
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Population 85.8 million United Nations
  Millennium Development Goals Dataset, 2009
• Capital Addis Ababa
• Harsh physical / environmental conditions
• Ranked one of the poorest nations in the world
  171 of 182 countries United Nations Human
  Development Report, 2009
• dependent on aid
• Irelands poorest aid recipient
• Debt relief 2001

Ethiopia
Africa
vast upland areas
rivers
Ethiopia
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• 1984 major Famine.death toll nearly 1
  million.Live Aid 1985, US60 million approx....
• 1990s independence war with former province
  Eritrea (now independent) ....death toll over
  200,000.United Nations Peacekeeping
  Operation.Peace Agreement in 2000.peace along
  borders remains insecure.signing of Mine Ban
  Treaty
• Millennium Goals incorporated into country
  development plan.specific to Ethiopia. A Plan
  for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End
  Poverty medium-term plan 2005
  2010....publicity campaigns, Millennium
  Development Goals Report in 2004, increased tax
  and investment
• ? Government Commitment

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Goal 1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
2005 62 living in extreme poverty United
Nations, 2005

• Causes
• conflict
• poor education
• low incomes
• reliance on agriculture harsh physical /
  environmental conditions, lack of infrastructure
  / technology, dependency on coffee exports 25
  of population directly or indirectly employed
  Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, 2003,
  peasant land-ownership 95 of land Ghose,
  1992, over-working of land, low food production
• poor economic output
• unfavourable terms of trade

United Nations Millennium Development Goals
Dataset, 2009
United Nations Human Development Reports, 2000,
2005, 2009
5

• Agriculture-Led Industrialisation Plan
• Land-use rotation
• Climate extremes preventative measures e.g. water
  harvesting
• Savings and Credit Co-operatives
• Spin-off industries e.g. hides and skins
• Elsewhere
• Investment in infrastructure
• The Safety Net Programme Irish Aid
• Recent economic growth of 11 per annumUS240
  million from IMF to lessen impact of global
  recession
• Fastest growing nonoil and mineral economy in
  sub-Saharan Africaexports of agricultural
  products, textiles, metal etc.
• Worlds 5th fastest growing economy in 2010?
  The Economist

A Safety Net Programme
Today, a huge proportion of Ethiopians continue
to depend on food aid from abroad. Estimates of
the number of people who need emergency food aid
have risen steadily this year from 4.9 million in
January to 5.3 million in May and 6.2 million in
June The Independent
In 2005, 39 of those employed living in poverty
United Nations Millennium Development Goals
Dataset, 2009
of population living on less than US1 a day
In 2015, 19 million Ethiopians will continue to
live in poverty. Synthesis Report on Ethiopias
Progress Towards Achieving the Millennium
Development Goals Successes, Challenges and
Prospects, 2008
United Nations Millennium Development Goals
Dataset, 2009
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Goal 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education

• Education not only a fundamental human right, but
  a critical catalyst for the development of a
  country Lenihan, 2006 UNESCO, 2008 United
  Nations, 2008 UNICEF, 2009NB. health
• One target, three indicators
• Gender equality-disparity, boys to girls boys
  more likely to be educated
• 30 increase of GPI between 1999 and 2006
  UNESCO, 2008
• 1st Indicator NER in primary education
  1999-2007, increase of 37.6..children living
  above poverty line more likely to attend
• 2nd Indicator Proportion of pupils starting
  grade 1 who reach last grade of primary increase
  of 27.2 . Completion rates boys doubled, girls
  tripled MDG Indicators, 2009
• 3rd Indicator Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds,
  women and men. 1985-1994 33.6, 1995-2005
  49.9. Adult literacy 15 UNDP, 2008

United Nations Millennium Development Goals
Dataset, 2009
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• Catalysts for Progress in Achieving Universal
  Primary Education
• Abolishment of school fees United Nations,
  2008 The World Bank and UNICEF, 2009
• Increase in national spending on education
  20009.7, 2007 23.3
• United Nations, 2009
• Large scale investments in government schools
  Bihanu, 2008
• Increase in teacher recruitments UNESCO, 2008
• Peace and stability The World Bank and UNICEF,
  2009
• Training boards and education officers The
  World Bank and UNICEF, 2009
• Aid Irish Aid has spent 3million on textbooks
  and supplies grade 5-10, 750 vulnerable and
  orphan children off streets and in full time
  education Irish Aid, 2006
• Challenges
• Increased class size and pupil-teacher ratio
  1994-2004 100 increase, 33 1 ? 661 The World
  Bank and UNICEF, 2009
• Half of teachers under-qualified The World Bank
  and UNICEF, 2009
• Overcrowded schools The World Bank and UNICEF,
  2009
• High rates of drop-out Over half dont complete
  primary
• education The World Bank and UNICEF, 2009
• Remain 5th highest out-of-school population,
  despite 10
• annual decline The World Bank and UNICEF, 2009

No magic wand UN, 2007

• MDG Report 2004 great prospects of universal
  primary education in Ethiopia

UNESCO 2008 Wont be achieved, projection NER
is 93, 7 short of goal