Fluid Couplings and Torque Converters

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Fluid Couplings andTorque Converters

• Chapter 5
• Classroom Manual

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Introduction

• Engine and Transmission needs to be automatically
  coupled and uncoupled
• Uses Torque Converter to multiply torque and
  transmit power
• Components
• Impeller
• Turbine
• Stator

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Fluid Coupling
Fluid travels either in a rotary or vortex motion
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Impeller turns Tubine
Turbine
Impeller
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Fluid drives turbine at an angle
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Difference in speed creates a turbulence
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Components

• Flexplate drives T.C.
• Torque Converter Hub drives oil pump
• Impeller drives Turbine
• Turbine drives input shaft
• Input shaft drives Clutch Hub

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Vanes are curved to accelerate fluid flow
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Rear Wheel Drive

• Input shaft directly connects to turbine with
  splines
• Input shaft is usually hollow for lock up
  operation

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Front Wheel Drive
Turbine Shaft drives Input Shaft
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Stator Operation

• Stator assembly mounts on One-way clutch.
• Stator multiplies torque
• At 90 speed ratio, the stator
• rotates same speed as turbine
• and impeller and coupling phase
• occurs.

Pg 90C
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• Early Converter were repairable
• Older converters had drains

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One Way Clutch
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Chrysler TCC
Release pressure disengages clutch plate Venting
pressure causes lock up
Page 94C
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Ford Lock Up
Clutch Piston hub splines directly to the turbine
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GM TCC
First used in 1980, Applied by TCC Solenoid
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Vane curvature controls amount of multiplication
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Converter Operation

• Stator redirects fluid back into impeller to
  multiply force
• More torque happens at lower rpms.
• At higher rpm, components equalize

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