Swine Barn Surgery

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Swine Barn Surgery

• Amy Woods, DVM
• Rensselaer Swine Services
• Rensselaer, IN

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Pig Surgeries

• Scrotal Hernias
• Abdominal Hernias
• Vasectomies
• Epididyectomies
• Cryptorchids
• Preputial Diverticulectomies
• Cesarean sections

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Anesthesia

• TKX (Telazol, Ketamine, Xylazine)
• Reconstitute Telazol with 250 mg Ketamine and 250
  mg Xylazine (100 mg/ml)
• 1 ml/100 IM (may need more)
• Telazol and Xylazine
• Reconstitue Telazol with 500 mg xylazine
• 1 ml/100 IM
• Ketamine and Xylazine
• 11 ratio
• 1 ml/100 IM

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Anesthesia

• Can maintain on gas
• Halothane, Isoflurane, Nitrous Oxide
• Malignant hyperthermia

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Anesthesia

• Epidural
• Lidocaine at 5 ml/100, not exceeding 20 ml
• Local infiltration first, then use spinal needle
  for epidural
• Envision a transverse line the tuber coxae
• Inject perpendicular on midline 1 caudal to
  this line

Diseases of Swine, 8th Ed.
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Scrotal Hernias

• Hereditary condition
• 1 incidence in industry
• Acquired due to castration technique?
• Pull vs. cut spermatic cord?
• Pull up vs. straight out?

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Scrotal Hernias

• Often found at time of castration
• DDx
• Hydrocele
• Scirrous cord
• Hematoma

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Scrotal Hernias

• Taping method
• 1 Elasticon tape around legs in figure eight
  pattern after castration
• Puts pressure on inguinal rings
• Remove tape in 4-5 days

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Scrotal Hernias

• Surgical correction
• Needs to be performed prior to castration
• Farm personnel can be trained

• Small incision over affected inguinal ring
• Identify and bluntly dissect out testicle and
  spermatic cord

• Can see intestines within vaginal tunic

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Scrotal Hernias

• Twist tunic to push intestines back into
  peritoneal cavity
• Place transfixation ligature around spermatic
  cord and transect

• Can leave a small area open for drainage

DO NOT use plastic zip ties or staples! These
foreign objects are present at slaughter!

• Close inguinal rings
• Remember to remove other testicle

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Abdominal Hernias/Infected Navels

• Usually only repaired on valuable animals
• Make elliptical skin incision around affected
  area
• Make stab incision through body wall to expose
  abdomen

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Abdominal Hernias/Infected Navels

• Excise hernia sack so that remaining tissue is
  flush with abdominal wall
• Close abdomen routinely
• Antibiotics post-op
• Hernias often start with umbilical infection or
  abscess

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Vasectomy/Epididyectomy

• Why?
• Heat stimulation in gilts
• Heat detection for breeding

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Vasectomy

• Short incision made between spermatic cords 2-3
  cranial to ventral aspect of scrotum
• Spermatic cord is elevated and vaginal tunic is
  opened

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Vasectomy

• Vas deferens is located
• Firm and white
• No arterial pulse
• Excise at least a 1-2 section of vas deferens
• Do both sides!!!
• Close skin
• Close vaginal tunic?

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Epididyectomy

• Can be performed in very young boars
• Quicker and cheaper than vasectomy
• Testicular anatomy

Dyce, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, 2nd ed.
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Epididyectomy

• Pressure applied to push testicles toward the
  dorsal aspect of scrotum
• Small (1-2cm) incision made in skin, tunica
  dartos and vaginal tunic overlying tail of
  epididymis
• Make sure incision is not big enough for
  testicle to be exteriorized

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Epididyectomy

• Tail and body of epididymis isolated
• /- ligatures between testis and tail of
  epididymis
• Excise epididymis
• Sutures usually not required

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Crytorchidectomy

• Retained testicles (ridgelings, one-nutters)
• Important in show barrows due to mounting
  behavior
• Very helpful to know which side is retained if
  animal is unilaterally castrated
• Testicle usually located dorsally between
  inguinal canal and kidney

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Crytorchidectomy

• Make 2-3 incision on belly of pig on side of
  retained testicle

• Feel for testicle within abdomen and exteriorize
• Ligate spermatic cord
• Close abdomen

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Preputial Diverticulectomy

• Anatomy

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Preputial Diverticulectomy

• Normal contents
• Urine
• Semen
• Epithelial cells
• Bacteria
• Occasional concretions
• Expressed during mounting due to contraction of
  preputial muscles

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Preputial Diverticulectomy

• Indications for surgery
• Penis balling up in preputial diverticulum
• Preputial diverticulitis or ulceration
• Excess fluid accumulation
• Odor
• Cosmetic
• Semen bacterial contamination

Fubini, 2004
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Preputial Diverticulectomy

• Preputial diverticulum can be packed with dyed
  gauze or infused with Nolvasan for easy
  identification
• Incision made over lateral aspect of one lobe

• Preputial diverticulum bluntly dissected free
  from surrounding soft tissue

• Preputial diverticulum exteriorized

Kross, 1982
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Preputial Diverticulectomy

• Neck of preputial diverticulum is clamped

• Removed preputial diverticulum

• Neck is ligated and transected

• Closed incision

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Preputial Diverticulectomy

• Closed method
• Hemostats passed into preputial diverticulum
  through preputial opening
• Preputial diverticulum grasped and gently everted
• Repeat on opposite lobe

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Preputial Diverticulectomy

• Closed method (cont)
• Forceps placed across neck of everted preputial
  diverticulum make sure forceps placed distal to
  tip of penis
• Neck of preputial diverticulum is transected
• Sutured in mature boars, but often not needed in
  younger boars

Lawhorn, 1994
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Cesarean Section

• Method 1
• Radical C-Section with a gun and knife
• Downer sows, etc.
• Method 2
• Survival surgery
• SPF projects, club pigs
• Anesthesia epidural line block or TKX

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Cesarean Section

• Vertical incision left flank
• Horizontal incision parallel to underline
• Likely need to incise both uterine horns
• Make sure you reach both ovaries to ensure that
  you have all pigs!
• Close uterus with an inverting pattern

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References

• Althouse, GC and LE Evans. Removal of the caudae
  epididymides to create infertile boars for use in
  estrus detection programs. JAVMA 2105, 678-680.
  1997.
• Althouse, GC and LE Evans. A novel surgical
  technique for vascectomizing boars. JAVMA 2105,
  675-677. 1997.
• Althouse, GC, et. al. Closed resection of the
  preputial diverticulum in the boar.
  Agri-Practice 159. 1994.
• Fubini and DuCharme. Farm Animal Surgery. 2004
• Food Animal Surgery, Ch 26 Extirpating the
  preputial diverticulum in boars
• Kross, SB, et. al. Extirpation of the preputial
  diverticulum in a boar. Vet. Med. 1982
• Lawhorn, B, et. al. Removal of the preputial
  diverticulum in swine. JAVMA 2051, 92-96. 1994
• Straw, BS, et. al. Diseases of Swine 8th Ed.
  1999.
• Tyler, JW, et. al. Preputial diverticulum stone
  in a boar. Vet Record 147, 225. 2000.

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THE END
Any Questions??