Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY 6th Edition in Modules

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Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in
Modules)

• Module 30
• Expressed and Experienced Emotion

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Expressed Emotion

• People more speedily detect an angry face than a
  happy one (Ohman, 2001a)

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Expressed Emotion

• Gender and expressiveness

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Expressed Emotion

• Culturally universal expressions

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Interpreting Emotion

• Although some researchers show a slight advantage
  when interpreting emotional signals from your own
  culture, in general, the obvious signs of emotion
  are culturally universal.
• The context of emotion is important
• People judge a fearful face set in a painful
  situation as painful, and a an angry face set in
  a frightening situation as afraid (page 436).

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Experienced Emotion

• Infants naturally occurring emotions

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Effects of Facial Expression

• Expressions communicate emotion, but also amplify
  and regulate it.
• Subtly inducing students to frown caused students
  to feel a little angry (pp. 437).
• Just activating one of the smiling muscles by
  holding a pen in the teeth caused people to find
  cartoons more amusing (437).
• Vaugn and Lanzetta found that students perspired
  more and had faster heart rates when asked to
  make a pained expression whenever a shock was
  given to someone they were asked to watch (1981).

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Experienced Emotion

• Caroll Izard (1977) identified the following
  basic emotions
• Joy, interest-excitement, surprsie, sadness,
  anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt
• She suggests other emotions are a combination of
  these.

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Experienced Emotion

• The Amygdala--a neural key to fear learning

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Experienced Emotion

• Catharsis
• emotional release
• catharsis hypothesis
• releasing aggressive energy (through action or
  fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
• Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
• peoples tendency to be helpful when already in a
  good mood

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Experienced Emotion

• Subjective Well-Being
• self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with
  life
• used along with measures of objective well-being
• physical and economic indicators to evaluate
  peoples quality of life

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Experienced Emotion

• Moods across the day

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Experienced Emotion

• Changing materialism

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Experienced Emotion

• Does money buy happiness?

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Experienced Emotion

• Values and life satisfaction

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Experienced Emotion

• Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
• tendency to form judgments relative to a
  neutral level
• brightness of lights
• volume of sound
• level of income
• defined by our prior experience
• Relative Deprivation
• perception that one is worse off relative to
  those with whom one compares oneself

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Happiness is...
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Experienced Emotion

• The ingredients of emotion