SCHLINGER CHAPTER 5 MOTOR DEVLOPMENT

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SCHLINGER CHAPTER 5 MOTOR DEVLOPMENT
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MOTOR DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS

• CEPHALOCAUDAL
• Head down ?
• PROXIMAL-DISTAL
• Center outward ??

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FETAL MYELIN DEVELOPMENT

• OCURS IN 3RD TRIMESTER MYELIN FORMATION

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INFANT PHYSICAL GROWTH HEAD

• BODY PROPORTIONS
• Infant headbody ratio is 14 (Mardi Gras head!)
• Adult headbody ratio is 17 or 18

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INFANT PHYSICAL GROWTH HEAD

• Once we are born, our head size increases the
  least (because already so big!)
• Infant brain is 25 adult brain weight even
  though infant body is only 5 adult weight!!)

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and nowThe NEURON!

• terminals axon myelin
  soma dendrites
• ? ? ? ? ?

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INFANT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

• 0 2 years old
• is 500 increase in neuron connections!! (Best
  of our lives!)

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INFANT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

• EEG waves become regular
• and cyclical
• Lots of REM sleep
• Physiological states become more predictable
• MUST have enriched environment to develop brain!

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INFANT MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

• Is a progression from mostly INVOLUNTARY to more
  VOLUNTARY motor control
• REFLEX nonlearned response to specific
  stimulation
• Also called UNCONDITIONED RESPONDING
• Allows survival prior to LEARNED behavior!

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INFANT REFLEXES

• WE ALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING
• BREATHING, SHIVERING, SNEEZING, STARTLE
• BUT WE LOSE THE FOLLOWING
• SUCKING
• ROOTING
• BABINSKI TICKLE
• TOEING (STEPPING)
• PALMAR GRASP
• MORO STARTLE
• SWIMMING
• BREATH HOLDING

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INFANT VOLUNTARY MOTOR

• GROSS MOTOR LARGE MUSCLE CONTROL
• Arms, hands, legs, trunk (torso), head
• FINE MOTOR SMALL MUSCLE CONTROL
• Fingers, tongue, lips, eyes, face
• Gross motor competence precedes fine motor
  competence!! (Proximal-distal development)

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INFANTGROSSMOTORNORMS
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More motor stuff

• Why is gross motor important?
• Because it frees up hands for other things like
  exploration (more learning opportunities!)
• Hands can now move from ULNAR GRASP to PINCER
  GRASP

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SCHLINGER CHAPTER 6 -SENSATION PERCEPTION
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SENSATION PERCEPTION

• What is sensation?
• NEURAL DETECTION OF STIMULATION
• What is perception?
• ACTING ON STIMULATION

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What are the senses?

• VISION (SEEING)
• AUDITION (HEARING)
• GUSTATION (TASTE)
• OLFACTION (SMELL)
• TACTILE (TOUCH)

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How do we measure SP?

• PROBLEM We cant just ASK the baby what they
  sense and perceive. Why?
• SOLUTION Need BEHAVIORS that baby does to tell
  us what they sense and perceive.

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HABITUATION vs. DISHABITUATION

• HABITUATION
• Means to grow bored and uninterested (no jokes,
  please!!)
• Usually occurs if new stimuli are too similar to
  old stimuli
• Ex.) If a baby has been exposed to a square for 5
  minutes, and is then presented with slightly
  smaller square, she will likely remain bored
  (habituate).
• This happens to us when a TV show keeps doing the
  same plot again and again or a band keeps making
  the same style boring music.

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HABITUATION vs. DISHABITUATION

• DISHABITUATION
• Means to become interested (excited) again
• Usually occurs if new stimuli are different from
  old stimuli
• Ex.) If a baby has been exposed to a square for 5
  minutes, but is then presented with a circle, she
  will pep up (dishabituate).

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PREFERENCE

• See which source of stimulation infant looks
  towards the most
• This tells us that the infant can tell the
  difference between two things
• If an infant prefers to look at Moms face over
  another persons face, then we can infer the baby
  can tell the difference!

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VISION

• Least developed sense at birth!
• Requires more brain and muscle development
• Poor ACUITY (20/400 vision)
• Poor TRACKING of objects
• Poor COLOR DISCRIMINATION
• Poor BINOCULAR (DEPTH PERCEPTION) vision (see
  next slide). Infant actually has double vision!

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THE VISUAL CLIFF

• Baby shows no notice of cliff until about 3
  mos. of age

Hmmthose people look like ants down there!
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VISUAL PREFERENCES

• Faces (especially loved ones)
• COMPLEX images
• 3-D images (after age 3 mos)
• Novel images
• High contrast objects

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HEARING

• Well developed at birth (babies can hear
  prenatally at 28 weeks!)
• Can distinguish different voices
• Can localize sounds
• Can distinguish different language sounds (called
  PHONEMES) such as BAH vs. PAH as early as 1-month
  old
• Poor at hearing LOW PITCH sounds (babies
  reinforce high pitch speaking with their
  attention!)
• Poor at short duration sounds

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OTHER SENSES

• TASTE
• Can distinguish basic tastes
• Sensitive to spiciness and seasoning
• Prefer more bland tastes
• Varied foods help taste to develop and prevent
  fussy eaters (enriched environment opportunity
  to reinforce varied eating)

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OTHER SENSES

• SMELL
• Well developed at birth
• Very sharp and sensitive
• Can turn to own mothers smell at birth over
  other women (but not Dad over other men)

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OTHER SENSES

• TOUCH
• Also well developed at birth
• Can detect differences on skin in TEMPERATURE,
  TEXTURE, PRESSURE
• Very good for babys health and brain development
  to be stroked!