Animal Nutrition

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Animal Nutrition
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What is Nutrition!
Nutrition is the science of dealing with the
utilization of food by the body processes which
transforms food into body tissues and energy.
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Why is Nutrition Important!
To obtain and utilize surplus or unusable feed
stuffs And convert them to desirable products
such as meat, milk, eggs, fiber and work.
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What is a Nutrient?
A single class of food or group of like foods
that aids in the support of life and makes it
possible for animals to grow or provide energy
for physiological processes.
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Digestible Nutrient
The portion of the nutrient which may be broken
down (digested) and absorbed and used by the
body.
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The Six Nutrients Needed

• Protein
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Minerals
• Vitamins
• Water

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Proteins

• Needed for growth and repair
• Helps form muscles, internal organs, skin,
  hair,wool, feathers, hoofs and horns
• Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

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Examples of Proteins

1. Meat and Bone Meal
2. Fish Meal
3. Soybean Meal
4. Cottonseed Meal
5. Dried Skim Milk
6. Amino Acids

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Carbohydrates

• Furnish energy for body functions, growth
• and reproduction
• The largest part of the animals food supply
• and usually the fibrous part of the diet
• Include sugars, starch and cellulose
• Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

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Fats

• Furnish a concentrated source of energy, up to
• 2.25 times as much energy as carbohydrates do
• Form cholesterol, steroids and other body
• compounds
• Found in every cell in the body
• Affect the condition of skin and hair
• Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, but
• contain much larger proportions of carbon and
• hydrogen than carbohydrates do
• They also provide energy reserves, protection
  for
• vital organs, and they insulate the body

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Minerals

• Primarily found in bones and teeth
• Important in blood for the carrying of
• oxygen
• Regulates heartbeat with potassium,
• sodium
• and calcium

Example Calcium Formation rocks
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VITAMINS

• Are only needed in small amounts
• Are essential for life and health
• Provide a defense against disease, promote growth
  and reproduction
• Contribute to the general health of the animal

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WATER
Accounts for 70 or more of the composition of
most plants and animals
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FEED CLASSIFICATIONS
Roughages Concentrates Supplements
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ROUGHAGES

• High in Fiber
• Relatively low in digestible nutrients
• Examples
• Alfalfa
• Clover
• Soybean
• Oat hay
• Corn Silage

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Concentrates

• Low in fiber
• High in digestible nutrients
• Examples
• Corn
• Cottonseed
• Barley
• Oats
• Sorghum

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Supplements

• Supplements are extras that supply the body with
  additional nutrients.
• Some of the supplements are minerals salt,
  copper, iodine and iron
• Vitamin A and D are also very important to
  ruminant animals

Salt
Iron
Copper
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Review.

• What is nutrition?
• the science of dealing with the utilization of
  Food by the body processes which transform food
  into body tissue and activities.
• Why is Nutrition important?
• Utilizes unusable feed stuffs and converts them
  to desirable products such as meat, milk and
  eggs.
• What are the six nutrients needed?
• Protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins
  and water

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Digestive System
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Digestive System

• Large complex molecules broken down into simpler
  molecules
• Long tube beginning with mouth and ending with
  the anus

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Digestive Systems

• Man Pig have a simple stomach with an extensive
  intestinal system
• Ruminants have a complex stomach with a simpler
  intestinal system
• Horses Rabbits have a simple stomach with an
  extensive intestinal system and an enlarged cecum

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Digestive System

• Mouth Prehension tool (grasps food)
• Salivary Glands secrete juices containing enzymes
  (digest food)
• Chewing food breaks down also
• Esophagus muscular tube that connects mouth to
  stomach
• Peristaltic Movement
• sequential contraction of ring like muscles
• Reverse Peristalsis blowing chunks

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Simple Stomach

• Muscular contractions break down food
• Enzymes break down food
• Gastric proteins
• Liver Pancreatic fats

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Ruminant Stomach

• Stomach occupies 3/4 of abdominal cavity, mostly
  on the left side
• Rumen (paunch) 80 of stomach, lighter food
  collects here
• microbes digest cellulose
• lots of water
• Reticulum (hardware stomach) 5 of stomach,
  heavy foreign items are trapped here

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Ruminant Stomach

• Omasum (many plies) 8 of stomach, absorbs water
• Abomasum (true stomach) 8 of stomach, typical
  enzyme activity
• Rumination regurgitation, rechewing of food

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Digestive System

• Small Intestine long coiled tube connecting
  stomach to large intestine
• rest of the digestion and absorbtion takes place
  here
• surface covered with villi (surface area)
• Large Intestine Cecum, colon, rectum
• absorbs water (makes feces more solid)
• some vitamins minerals absorbed here
• Cecal Fermenters (Horse) similar to rumen

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Digestive System

• Accessory organs
• Pancreas secretes enzymes to break down fat
• Liver (largest internal organ) secretes bile,
  which digests fats
• also stores iron