Geographic information system (GIS)technology

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Geographic information system (GIS)technology
Disaster Management Plan

• A. A. Raichur
• DGM SHE Corporate Office
• Hindustan Petroleum Corporation

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Introduction

• GIS technology is increasingly being used in
  decision support systems.
• In the past few years, GIS emerged as a powerful
  risk assessment tool and is being put to use to
  assess risk to property and life stemming from
  natural hazards such as earthquakes, hurricanes,
  cyclones and floods.

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Introduction

• Manipulation, analysis, and graphic presentation
  of the risk and hazard data can be done within a
  GIS system, and because these data have
  associated location information which is also
  stored within the GIS, their spatial
  (3D)interrelationships can be determined and used
  in computer based risk assessment models by
  government planners for better disaster
  preparedness.

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Use GIS in Natural disaster Scenario

• A fundamental principal of Risk Assessment is
  that risk due to natural catastrophes such as
  earthquakes, hurricanes and flood, is location
  dependent, and that it can be assessed within an
  acceptable range of uncertainty if reliable
  historical and location specific data is
  available.

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Use GIS in Natural disaster Scenario

• For e.g. a location which is surrounded by
  seismic faults and has a weak surface geology has
  a higher hazard potential than a location for
  away from faults and with strong surface geology.
• Similarly, hurricane, hazard at a location near
  the coast and with a flat, bare terrain is far
  higher than at a location etc.
• Hence with help such data early safe evacuation
  are planed executed

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Preplanning -DMP inputs

• GIS in conjunction with remote sensing and
  photogrammetry, can be used to identify hazards.
  Seismic faults and flood prone areas can be
  identified by scientists using GIS to analyse
  satellite image, aerial photos and field survey
  data.

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Preplanning -DMP inputs

• Once the hazards have been identified, their
  representation can be stored conveniently in GIS
  databases.
• For hurricane risk, information on land use, land
  cover, coastline and distance from coast are
  important. Similarly topology data is required
  for flood assessment and storm surge analysis.

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Preplanning - DMP inputs

• Inventory data can also be stored easily in a GIS
  database. Data on building stock, liveliness,
  utilities, etc. can be aggregated into manageable
  gographic regions such as census wards, pin
  codes, or larger administrative regions such as
  villages, talukas, and even districts.
• Using statistical functions available in GIS
  systems, the average value of various properties
  of different building classes can be computer
  (e.g. average monetary value of residential
  dwelling in particular village) and stored with
  their corresponding geographic regions in the GIS
  database.

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Preplanning - DMP inputs

• The information retrieved by querying the GIS
  database serves as inputs for the risk assessment
  models.
• These risk assessment models can run both
  deterministic as well as probabilistic risk
  assessment.
• It helps computing the damage associated with
  that event,
• THUS GIS GOES LONG WAY In CONTOL ASSESMENT OF
  NATURAL DIASTER

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Disaster preparedness programme in Andhra

• Now, the Andhra Pradesh State Remote Sensing
  Applications Centre (APSRC) has developed a
  remote sensing application to overcome some of
  the problems that the state faces. The
  application areas include surface water, ground
  water, marine resources, geology and mines,
  energy, agriculture, soils, urban planning,
  roads, forestry, animal husbandry and
  environmental hazards. Its base is GIS
• Also similar plan is developed in Maharashtra
  Mumbai

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GIS usage in Industry emergency planning

• Fire , law /security enforcement, and medical and
  public health divisions needs to prepare
  comprehensively for attending emergencies
• Traditionally, first responders have relied on
  experience, practiced skills, good equipment, and
  teamwork for effective and successful emergency
  response
• But to respond to large-scale catastrophic
  emergencies which common today the traditional
  methods need to be supported by technology and
  this need can be achieved through GIS .

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GIS use in Industrial fire emergency

• As industrial complex expands for better response
  more personnel, stations, and equipment are
  purchased
• Today response-related investments must also
  invest in better planning, evaluation, and data
  communication tools and technologies such as
  geographic information system (GIS)technology.
• This approach will ensure better utilization
  available resource and in consequence reduction

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GIS use in Industrial fire emergency

• Effective planning for response involves
  understanding how to minimize consequences of
  emergencies and acquire the information and data
  necessary to respond.
• Depending on the nature of the emergency, every
  first responder requires certain equipment and
  personal protection gear.
• Increasingly today , fire responders will also
  require the best data and information relevant to
  the risks to which they are exposed.
• Knowing where critical assets are located and
  having first access to key data and information,
  response can well planed executed ,this can be
  addressed through the purposeful implementation
  of GISdigital (or geospatial) data

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GIS use in Industrial fire emergency first
responder

• GISdigital (or geospatial) data Information will
  be useful from the moment an emergency call is
  received and all that you have do is to punch in
  data of the location it would answer the
  following questions
• What is the best route?
• Where are the closest hydrants?
• What is the layout of the facility?
• What is the occupancy type, and how many people
  may need rescue or evacuation?

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GIS use in Industrial fire emergency first
responder

• Beyond maps, other information and data suplied
  may include
• Photographs of the facility
• Floor plans and main utility control panels
• Existing fire protection systems
• Inventory of the facility (hazardous materials)
• Pre-incident plan (a pre-inspection and fire
  protection plan)
• Previous call history

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GIS use in Industrial fire emergency Emergency
controller

• GIS data and information will also support rapid
  decision making including the following
• What additional exposures or facilities are
  threatened by this event?
• Where should incoming units be positioned to
  access critical hydrants that will effectively
  support the mission?
• If an equipment staging area or incident command
  post is required?
• where are parking lots, schools, churches,
  malls, or other suitable facilities located?

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GIS use in Industrial fire emergency Emergency
controller

• If helicopter evacuation of victims is required,
  where are suitable landing sites?
• If medical triage or decontamination is required,
  what facilities are closest and available?
• If hazardous materials are involved or a chemical
  plume is being generated, in what direction will
  it drift, what is likely to be threatened, and
  what is required in protecting and evacuating the
  public
• If an explosion has occurred or is eminent, who
  needs to be evacuated and where are the closest
  evacuation facilities and resources?

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GIS use in Industrial fire emergency Emergency
controller

• All of these decisions require geospatial
  information (maps, directions, building layouts,
  etc.), and most will be in different places and
  digital formats GIS helps to combine them .
• The GIS can provide first responders the right
  information, at the right time, and in the most
  relevant place easy to access and use. Data
  inter-operability is one of the greatest values
  of a GIS,
• since GIS can integrate disparate information and
  provide useful visual information quickly to
  first responders.

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GIS use in Industrial fire emergency Emergency
controller

• GIS can also create various scenarios through
  spatial modelling that produce visualization that
  can more accurately and realistically describe
  the direction and extent of explosions, plumes,
  fire behaviour, or disease outbreak.
• For example, instead of guessing or estimating
  evacuation requirements, transportation network
  delays, or blockages, GIS can provide an actual
  prediction of the scale of the event and visually
  display potential consequences.

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GIS based ERDMP A case study of HPCL Mumbai
refinery"

• At Mumbai refinery with help DMI Bhopal Under
  leadership of Dr. Rakesh Dubey Director ,GIS
  based DMP study was carried out
• It has given us insight to plan our fire
  fighting strategy
• To elaborate this let us look at GIS based snap
  shots Refinery DMP

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Crude Tk 115 Fire orange 12.5 KW, Red line
hydrant location, we can plan parking trucks
,persons, evacuation parked trucks out side etc
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TK 253 naphtha tank on fire 12.5 KW range ,gives
idea how fight fire, cooling to done on which
tanks ,which road closed ,where park fire trucks
etc
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Floating roof tank close to process unit
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ATF tank close to boundary wall , out side road
traffic to be controlled
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D-213 BLEVE /resulted Mounded LPG storage
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Summary

• First responders require effective physical
  tools, as well as intangible information tools,
  to evaluate and manage risk and, at the same
  time, increase their overall capacity for
  effective response.
• Fire-fighters, should adopt of information
  technologies, such as GIS, that both increase
  capacity and leverage existing informational
  resources toward prevention and preparedness.
• Complex incidents involving multiple agencies and
  private organizations require the ability to
  create common operational pictures that are
  capable of guiding both preparedness and
  response.

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To conclude

• If a picture is worth a thousand words, then
  certainly an intelligent map is worth much more.
• Today's GIS produces intelligent, relevant, and
  useful spatial (3D)information that achieves
  critical response missions. First responders
  deserve nothing less.

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THANK YOU
for any further information e mail
aaraichur_at_hpcl.co.in