Bamboo Resources, Management and Production in China

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Bamboo Resources, Management and Productionin
China

• Lou Yiping, Ph. D
• International Network for Bamboo and Rattan

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• Key Points
• Bamboo Resources
• Species
• Growth
• Bamboo Cultivation and Management
• Nursery
• Plantation
• Bamboo Products

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Bamboo Resources
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• Types of Bamboos
• Subtropical species
• (Running bamboos, or monopodial bamboos)
• Phyllostachys spp
• Tropical species
• (Clumping bamboos, or sympodial bamboos)
• Bambusa spp

Monopodial bamboo
Sympodial bamboo
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Sympodial bamboo (tropical bamboo or clumping
bamboo)
Monopodial bamboo (subtropical bamboo, running
bamboo
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Growth of Subtropical Bamboos
Individual shoot-culm height growth
Quality growth of culm
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Nursery, Cultivation and Management of Bamboo
Plantations
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Propagation of bamboo
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• Raising seedling from seeds
• Season early spring
• Diversity of seedlings huge diversity exists
  among the seedlings from eeds.

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2. Raising with branch cutting
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3. Raising with single-node culm cutting
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4. Raising with whole culm cuttings
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5. Ground layering
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6. Raising from rhizome
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Cultivation and Management
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Cultivation of Moso bamboo in China
(Phyllostachys pubescens)

• Suitable climate zone in China

Total area about 3 m ha
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Matching climatic zones in the world for moso
bamboo
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Site for Growing Moso Bamboo (1)
1. Climate In the monsoon zones south of the
Yangtze River, the annual mean temperature is
15-210C, mean temperature during hottest month
26-29 0C, mean temperature during coldest month
1-12 0C, frost-free days 210-330 0C, yearly PPT
750-2,000 mm, yearly average relative humidity
80. The heavy monsoon rainfall in spring and
summer is a key climatic factor for moso growth.
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Site for Growing Moso Bamboo (2)

• 2. Suitable soil
• Humid dark brown loam and deep soil rich with
  humus is suitable for thick culm large-sized
  species
• Comparatively drier sandy loam for middle-sized
  species
• Not high underground water level and enough
  drainage are required

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Site for Growing Moso Bamboo (3)
3. Altitude In warm tropical areas, moso bamboo
normally can not grow well, but might grow well
in higher altitude areas. Taking Chishui of
Guizhou province as an example below an
altitude of 800 m, moso bamboo can grow well
naturally. Sympodial bamboo grows naturally below
800 m in the same area.
Above 800 m altitude in Chishui area
Below 800 m altitude in Chishui area
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Nursery plant

• Three forms of bamboo nursery plant
• Rhizomes with mother culm(s)
• most superior growth can be expected
• Rhizomes with mother culm(s) cut at ground level
• Rhizomes without mother culm
• Age of rhizomes for nursery plants
• 2 3 years for large species, 1 2 for
  mid-sized
• Suitable condition of rhizome
• thick with many buds, 50 70 cm in length

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Planting season and density

• December to February
• 450 600 mother plants per ha for large-sized
• 600 1000 nursery plants per ha for mid-sized

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Fertilizing

• Fertilizing is usually not practiced in mature
  forests
• Chemical or organic fertilizers are applied to
  newly planted bamboo
• Seasons for fertilizing are from June to July and
  September when using fast-acting fertilizer and
  in winter when using compost

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Harvesting and age of culm

• Harvesting is mainly practiced by selective
• cutting method.
• In mature and stable forests it is ideal if
• the volume of harvested timbers is similar to
  that
• of new culms expected in next spring.
• General harvesting age of culms is about 4-5
• years old.

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Standing culm density

• The range of density in matured
• plantation
• 4,000 8,000 culms/ha

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Production of moso forest a. Stands of
intensive management. These occupy 5 of the
total pure stands, the productivity of which is
around 7-10 t/ha/yr, with highest yields at
optimum sites up to 35 t/ha/yr. b. Stands with
mid-level management. About 40 of the total, the
productivity of which is 3.5-7 t/ha/yr. c.
Stands of extensive management. These are about
55 of the total and usually over-harvested. Its
productivity is lower than 3.5 t/ha/yr.
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Bamboo Products
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Furniture and Handicrafts

• Traditional woven products have been made for
  thousands of years
• These traditional products still have a role in
  creating cash incomes for the rural poor
• They also link rural and urban poor and are more
  environmentally friendly than plastic

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Bamboo Flooring

• Three stages in China
• 1988-1995 with an annual production of 30-50,000
  m2 equipment from Taiwan quality not ensured.
• 1996-1999 development of intl market and
  enterprises reform
• 2000- rapid growth, intervention in the developed
  markets annual production more then 2 million m2
• Prices United States - 60/m2
• UK - 90/m2

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Bamboo mats and boards
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Bamboo pulp and paper
Bamboo pulp output in China (tons) 1999
200,000 2000 500,000 2010 1600,000
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Bamboo Charcoal
Bamboo charcoal is highly prized for many uses -
decolouring, de-odorising
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Bamboo Fiber and Textiles
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Bamboo Shoots
International trade in bamboo shoots from China
is now worth more than USD 150 million per year.