Chinese painting

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Chinese painting

• O Reiley, Chapter four

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Chronological Table of Dynasties

• Tang (618-906)
• Five Dynasties (907-960)
• Song dynasty (960-1279) Northern Song (960-1126)
  and Southern Song (1129-1279) capital
• Yuan dynasty (Mongols) 1260-1368 (Kubilai Khan
  moved the capital to Khanbalik (Beijing), adopted
  Tibetan Buddhism)
• Ming dynasty 1368-1644 (capital at Nanjing until
  1420 then moved to Beijing)
• Qing (Manchus) 1644-1912
• Republic 1912-1949

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Format

• Hand scroll (shou-chuan)
• Hanging scroll (li chou)
• Album leaves and fans subjects are landscape or
  bird-and-flowers with calligraphy

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Handscroll, hanging scroll, Double-leaf album
painting, screen fan, folding fan
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Wen Zhengming (1470-1559), Cypress and Rock,
dated 1550
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Anon., The Han Palace, S, Song, 12-13th century
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Wen Shu, Carnation and Garden Rock, Ming Dy, 1627
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Tang Period

• Figure painting
• Hand scroll and hanging scrolls was the major
  formats
• Emperor Huizong emperor is portrayed larger than
  other figures, vivid colors, attention of details
  but no individual personality the aim is to
  focus on the role of the individual

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Painting

• The Six Laws of Painting by Xie He (c. 500-35)
  Spirit, Bone Method (law of using the brush),
  Correspondence to the object (the depicting of
  form), Suitability to type (laying color),
  Division and Planning (placing and arrangement),
  transmission by coping (of models)
• Media Silk and paper
• Ink monochrome used for both landscape and
  figure
• Brush horse, wolf, sheep, sable, and rabit

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4.19 Yen Lipen (attributed), Emperor Wu Di, the
Scroll of the Emperors, Tang Dynasty, 7th c.
(11th century copy)
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Attributed to Emperor Huizong (r. 1101-25), Court
ladies Preparing Silk, Tang Dy.
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Landscape painting

• Developed rapidly in the Tang dy. and reached its
  apex by early Song dy. (first appears in tomb
  tile, inlaid bronze, and mural at Dun Huang
• N-Song a true landscape used precise line
  manner, depicts a sense of an estate, a group of
  building, a few peasants working, a fishing boat
  in a shore, no narrative, landscape represents in
  fragments, no perspective
• Depth is created by placement of elements in
  different grounds foreground, mid ground and
  back group
• Literati artists were well educated elites who
  painted for pleasure

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Bamboo

• Bamboo painting is special favor in the Yuan dy.
• It symbolizes the true gentle man who always
  maintain his integrity
• It is the most difficult need precise placement
  of leaves and stalks and

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Fan Kuan (c. 960-1030), Travelers among Mountains
and Streams, N. Song
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4-20 Fan Kuan (c. 960-1030), Travelers among
Mountains and Streams, N. Song
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Ma Yuan (c. 1190-1225), On a Mountain Path in
Spring, with a poem by Yang Meizi S. Song dy.
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4-21 Ma Yuan, Scholar Contemplating the Moon, S.
Song, c. 1200
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4-22 Liang Kai, Hui Neng, Chopping the bamboo at
a Moment of Enlightenment, S. Song, C. 1200
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4.23 Bottle vase,Guan ware, S. Song
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celadon
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4-24 Guan Daosheng, Ten Thousands Bamboo Poles in
Cloudy Mist, 1308, Yuan Dy.
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4-24 Guan Daosheng, Ten Thousands Bamboo Poles in
Cloudy Mist, 1308, Yuan Dy.
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4-24 Guan Daosheng, Ten Thousands Bamboo Poles in
Cloudy Mist, 1308, Yuan Dy.
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Calligraphy and Seals

• By the 13th c, calligraphy and seals are
  frequently appear on painting
• Seal script the earliest form, used for formal
  contexts of inscription
• Clerical script used for bureaucratic
  record-keeping
• Regular script most widely used to the present
• Cursive script used for artistic expression
• Drafting script the most rapidly written script

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Attributed to Han Gan, Night White, Tang Dy.
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4-25 Chao Mengfu, Sheep and Goat, Yuan dy. c.
1300
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Ni Zan (1306-74), Rongxi Studio, Yuan-Ming, dated
1372
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Portrait of the Ming Hongzhi Emperor, Ming 15th c.
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Ming dynasty1366-1644

• Forces the Mongols out
• Enlarging the Great Wall of China
• Sent expeditions in the Indian Ocean
• Built the imperial palace in Beijing
• First Ming emperor established ceramic
  productions at Jingdezhen High grade porcelain
  were produced for his court.
• Later the emperors had monopoly over the
  utilitarian production of ceramics that were
  exported to SEA, the Middle East and later to the
  West
• Blue ( water and cobalt oxide) and white (glaze)
  porcelains are underglazes

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4.26 porcelain vases painted in an underglaze of
cobalt blue, Ming dy., 15th century
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Vase, Ming dynasty, 15th c
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Porcelain bowl, Ming dy. 15th century
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4-27 Chest, Ming dy., 15th century, lacquer
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4-28 Wen Zhengming (1470-1559), Cypress and Rock,
dated 1550
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4-28 Wen Zhengming (1470-1559), Cypress and Rock,
dated 1550, Ming Dy.
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4-29 Don Qichang, Landscape in the Manner of Old
Masters, 1611, Ming Dy.,
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Zhu Da, Fish and Rocks, (1626-1705), Ming-Qing dy.
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Qing dynasty1644-1911

• China was occupied by foreigners from the
  north-the Manchus or Manchurians, who caputured
  Beijing in 1644
• Qing means pure or clear
• Qianlong emperor (1736-1795) supported the
  revival of traditional art from the past.
• Shitao (1641-1717)

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4-33 Shitao, View of Waterfall on Mt. Lu, Qing
dy. (1641-1717)
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Anon., Beauty Before a Curio Case, Qing, 18th
century (one of set of 12 hanging scrolls
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Zheng Xie (1693-1765), Ink, bamboo and Rocks,
Qing, 1753
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4-32 Yu the Great Taming the Waters, completed
1787, jade (224 x 96 cm.)
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4-36 Color print from woodblock, 1734