Family

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Family
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Family

• Nuclear Family
• Father, mother and at least one child
• Extended Family
• Inclusive of other family members
• Extended Family Household
• Parents and children live with additional kin
• Modified Extended Family
• Separate individual nuclear families with close
  ties and interaction

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Family

• Theories
• Ecological Systems Theory
• Family is a system within a broader system
• Based on Bronfenbrenners model
• Family Systems Theory
• Family is a whole of interrelated parts, each of
  which affects the other and is affected by every
  other part

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The Changing Family

• More single adults, empty nesters included
• Postponed marriage
• Cohabitation
• More married women working
• Decline in child-bearing, more years w/o children

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The Changing Family

• More divorce, remarriages
• Reconstituted families
• More single-parent families, child poverty
• More multigenerational (beanpole) families
• Fewer caregivers for aging adults

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Parenting

• Mothers generally spend more time with children
• Fathers are capable of sensitive parenting
• A more playful parent role
• Divorce means less fathering
• Fathers warmth and affection promotes
• Social competence, achievement
• Fewer psychological disorders

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Interaction Effects and Influence in Families

• Indirect effects
• effects on children as a result of parents
  influences on one another (parent to parent)
• Parent effects model
• Parental influence filters down to child and how
  they develop
• Child effects model
• Child has influence on parents behavior toward
  the child
• Transactional model
• Reciprocal influences between parent and child
  and how each behaves toward the other.

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Outcomes of Parenting Styles

• Children of authoritative parents
• Adjusted, responsible, high achievement
• Children of authoritarian parents
• Moody, unhappy, aimless
• Children of permissive parents
• Low self-control, independence, achievers
• Children of neglectful/uninvolved parents
• Behavior problems, antisocial

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Grandparenting

• Average age of first time grandparenthood?
• Three styles
• Remote (29)
• Distant emotionally and geographically
• Companionate (55)
• Most common
• Companions rather than caregivers
• Involved (16)
• Assume parent-like role

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Changing Family Relationships Through the Lifespan

• Siblings
• Sibling Rivalry
• Parent / Child Relationships
• Sandwich Generation
• Caregiver burnout (burden)
• Marriage
• Divorce
• Remarriage
• About 75 remarry within 3 to 5 years

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Child Abuse

• The Abuser
• Only 1in 10 have severe psychological disorder
• Typically young, single, poor, unemployed mother
• Often themselves abused as children
• Often a battered woman
• Low self-esteem
• Tends to have many children
• Unrealistic expectations of children

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Child Abuse

• The Target Child
• Hyperactive, difficult
• Often disabled or sickly
• The Context
• Parent feels powerless and threatened and needs a
  sense of control

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Effects of Family Violence on the Child

• Physical damage to the abused
• Brain damage shaken baby syndrome
• Behavior problems common
• Deficient intellectual skills
• Academic problems common
• Disrupted social and emotional development
• Lack of empathy