Introduction to the Social Implications of Computing

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Introduction to the Social Implications of
Computing

• Katie Cheng

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Overview

• Introduction to the Social Implications of
  Computing
• Social Implications of Networked Communications
• Growth of, Control of and Access to the Internet
• The Internet and Social Engineering
• Gender Related Issues of Computing
• Computer Crime
• Computer Crime Prevention

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History

• 1974 Xerox Alto first work station with
  built-in mouse. Menus and Icons. LAN
  capabilities.
• 1969 ARPANET commissioned by DoD
• 1990 Hyper Text Markup Language developed by Tim
  Berners-Lee. Allowed the internet to expand into
  the World Wide Web using Uniform Resource Locator
  and HyperText Transfer Protocol.
• 1996 Internet was mainstream. AOL, ATT WorldNet

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What is a Computer?

• computer a programmable electronic device
  that can store, retrieve, and process data
• The computer is a tool.
• A tool is only as smart as its user.

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Positive Impact of Computers

• Computers take over mundane tasks
• Higher productivity
• Credit Cards, Space Travel, Medical Research
• New Jobs created from New Technology
• Global Communication
• Information Highway

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Negative Impact of Computers

• Fast paced business, More Stress.
• Creates skilled jobs only.
• Dependency on Computers.
• Lack of more intimate social interaction.
• Health Issues.

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Social Implication of Networked Communication

• Author Jing Chen

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Email

• Early email was developed as an application on
  the ARPANET for complex mixture of Cold War
  military.
• The idea of using the ARPANET as a medium for
  human communication was not widely recognized
  until the creation of network email in 1971.
• In 1984, domain name server developed and the
  number of hosts on Internet breaks 1000.
• In 1988, the number of Internet hosts breaks
  100,000 and first commercial electronic mail
  carriers appeared on the Internet MCI Mail and
  Compuserve.

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Instant Messenger

• MSN Messenger you can chat online instantlyin
  real timewith friends, family and colleagues.
  It's faster than e-mail, more discreet than a
  phone call, and best of allit's FREE!
• people are able to communicate synchronously on
  different "channels" from disparate locations.
• there are many more features in IM such as file
  sharing, weather report, and stock alert, etc.
• 84 of US enterprises that have IM usage
• Microsoft sees IM as the bridge to a
  communication system of the future with highly
  integrated voice, video, text, presence, and
  applications.
• Lotus recently announced that it would be tightly
  integrating its Sametime IM application with its
  Websphere server.

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Psychological Effect

• Socially anonymous
• public identity are not revealed immediately.
• invent an alternate version of ones self or
  someone else.
• more comfortable.
• social interaction and sometimes intimacy
• Socially insensible
• rude by using improper and abusive languages
• falling in love through Internet forums, chat
  room, instant messages and emails.

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Online Language

• express affective and speedy conversation
• dont follow correct grammars or spelling.
• ROFL
• btw
• add repeated exclamation points and question
  marks to add affective emphasis
• Emotion icons or smileys serves facial
  expression over the Internet
• T_T
• -)

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Future Applications

• VoIP (voice over Internet protocol )
• 500,000 residential users just in the US
• 16.5 million by 2008
• cheaper than traditional kind and its packed
  with new features
• IP-TV
• offering a low-cost Internet alternative to
  traditional TiVo.
• Internet-style interactivity and flexibility to
  our TV set.

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Growth of, Control of and Access to the Internet

• Irving Chan

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History of the Internet

• J.C.R Licklider Galactic Network Concept
• Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA)
• Pursuit of technological advancement, mainly for
  military use
• ARPANET and packet switching

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Growth of the Internet

• Growth of internet doubled every year since 1996
• Usage of internet spans from academics to
  business to recreation.
• HTML and HTTP

Year TB/Month
1990 1.0
1991 2.0
1992 4.4
1993 8.3
1994 16.3
1995 ?
1996 1,500
1997 2,500 4,000
1998 5,000 8,000
1999 10,000 16,000
2000 20,000 35,000
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Access to the Internet

• Dialup connection
• Faster data transmission speeds now due to new
  technologies
• Cable, DSL, Satellite
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Wi-fi allows wireless connectivity to the
  Internet
• Available in hotels, cafes and airports, etc

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Control of the Internet

• Preventative measures
• Laws and licenses
• Software and hardware manipulation
• Governmental censorship of information
• Programs that monitor internet usage
• Set site viewing restrictions
• Adult content
• Graphic Violence
• NetNanny, CyberPatrol, CyberSitter

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Future of the Internet

• Internet2
• Partnership between corporations, universities,
  and government agencies
• Interactive television, video conferencing,
  movies on demand
• Departure from PC internet connection
• Cellular phones and pagers

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The Internet and Social Engineering

• Users are the weakest link

Steve Dittmar
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What is It?

• Social Engineering
• the practice of conning people into revealing
  sensitive data on a computer system, often on the
  Internet

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How Is It Done?

• E-mail
• Send malicious attachments that then spam
• Phishing
• Convince a user that you are an administrator
  asking for account passwords or credit card
  information
• Spyware
• Software that executes hidden background tasks

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Past Instances Of It

• Kevin Mitnick
• Convicted five times suspected of more
• Broke into FBI, SCO, Pentagon, more
• Fake Tsunami Relief Orgs.
• At least 170 potentially fraudulent Web sites
  soliciting donations tsunami victims have turned
  up
• PayPal Phishing
• Email claiming unusual activity in your account
  asks for you to click a link and fill out/verify
  account information

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How To Protect Yourself

• Five Levels
• Foundation Have a security policy for the
  standards and level of security on a network
• Parameter Security awareness training for all
  users
• Fortress Resistance training for key personnel
• Persistence On going reminders
• Gotcha Social Engineering Land Mines (SLEM)
• Offensive Incident response a plan of action

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Sources

• Title Page http//www.computerworld.com/securityt
  opics/security/story/0,10801,65745,00.html
• Slide 1,2,3
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_
  28computer_security29
• Slide 4
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mitnick
• http//www.wistechnology.com/article.php?id1487
• http//www.antiphishing.org/phishing_archive/02-1
  7-05_Paypal/02-17-05_Paypal.html
• Slide 5
• http//www.giac.org/practical/GSEC/David_Gragg_GS
  EC.pdf

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Gender Related Issues of Computing

• Wanjun Gong

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Gender Related Issues of Computing

• Under-representation of Women in computing
• Few women enter the Computer Science program,
  but why?
• Growing gender gap in the computing field
• Future outlooks of the composition in the work
  force

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Under-representation of Women in Computing- past
and current

• The number of men earning degrees in CS surpasses
  those earned by women throughout the 1970s,
  1980s,and early 1990s.
• (US Department of Education 1994)
• The figures have fallen over the last 15 years.
• Tendency to drop out of academia
• Few have made it into teaching

Figure1. Female of Intended CS Majors
Source University of Virginia
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Computing Research Association Figures.
Source CRA Taulbee Trends Women Students
Faculty
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Why So Few Women in Computing?

• Computing is a male-stereotype activity
• Lack of support
• Family support
• Teacher support
• Peer support
• Lack of self-confidence
• Lose interest to get advance
• Lack of female role models
• Guys have more initial experience in computer

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Growing Gender Gap?

• Gender gap is growing in academia and industry
• Under-representation further discourage women
  from entering and staying with it.
• Gender gap will continue to grow.
• Yet jobs in computing are expected to grow
  through 2012. (U.S. Department of Labor)
• Effective intervention -gt more women will
  participate

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Computer Crime

• The act must be one that can be carried out only
  through the use of computer technology. Herman
  T. Tavini

Speaker Lisa Punzo
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Where did it start?

• The Trojan Horse 1972
• First Worm 1982
• First Virus - 1983

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Three Types of Computer Crime

• Software Piracy
• Electronic Break-ins
• Computer Sabotage
• Spam?

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Economic Impact

• 141,496,560 lost to computer crime in 2004.
• Virus takes top billing in 2004.
• Cost of security.
• 10 billion in lost productivity due to Spam.

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Future

• Cost
• Reports
• Technology
• Point to Ponder
• What about the world of virtual crime?

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Computer Crime Prevention

• Justin Joseph

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Computer Crime Prevention

• I. Introduction

• Computer crime prevention has been a big topic
  since 2001.
• Different types of computer crimes include
• Hacking gaining unauthorized access to
  computer, network, et cetera.
• Virus programs attaching to files thus, making
  the computer sick.
• Spyware/Spam annoying advertisements and junk
  e-mails.
• Piracy Sharing and downloading of illegal
  software and media files.

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Computer Crime Prevention

• II. History

• Computer crimes have started since the earliest
  networks were built.
• Earliest history of viruses were around 1987.
• Basit Amjad created the Brain virus in 1987.
• First anti-virus available in 1988.
• Firewalls became a second option to the reality
  of viruses.
• First security firewalls were IP routers with
  filtering capabilities, used in the early 90s.

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Computer Crime Prevention

• III. Methods

• It is impossible to stop every method of attack
  technology changes rapidly.
• Here are some of the more common methods
• Firewall packet, circuit and application
  filtering. Data encryption recently included
  provides authentication, confidentiality and
  integrity.
• Antivirus software on-access and on-demand
  detection.
• Spyware/Spam Ad-aware, Can-Spam bill, the Spy
  Act.
• Piracy RIAA lawsuits, only way currently to
  combat problem.

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Computer Crime Prevention

• IV. Future Conclusion

• Total computer crime prevention is impossible.
• The future of computer crime prevention is
  preventing international crimes and determining
  the jurisdiction of the crimes.
• Prevention of crimes through newer mediums like
  wireless.
• Conference held in France in 2004, Council of
  Europes Cybercrime convention. US did not sign
  treaty.
• In 2002, US government issued the National
  Strategy to Secure Cyberspace.
• Laws will be passed, when will it infringe on
  individual rights?

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Thank You