Enzymes Enzymes Enzymes are Biological catalysts Catalas

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Enzymes
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Catalysts

• speed up the rate of the reaction.

• lowers the energy input required for a chemical
  reaction to happen

• remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

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Enzymes

• Enzymes are Biological catalysts

• Enzymes control chemical reactions that take
  place in the cytoplasm.
• http//programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biolo
  gy1111/animations/enzyme.html

• Catalase in an example of an enzyme made by
  living cells

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Catalase

• The enzyme catalase breaks down the waste
  substance hydrogen peroxide into water and
  oxygen.

catalase
Hydrogen peroxide oxygen
water (enzyme)
(substrate)
(products)
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Hydrolysis reactions
animation
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Dehydration Synthesis Reactions
es
Active site
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Hydrolysis reactions
Starch
Maltose
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Enzyme activity
Temperature and pH affect the activity of an
enzyme.
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Enzyme Activity and pH
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Optimum Condition

• Enzymes function best or are most active in
  specific conditions known as optimum
• conditions.

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Hydrolysis reaction
Substrate Enzyme Product
Hydrogen peroxide Catalase Oxygen and water
Starch Amylase Maltose
Maltose Maltase Glucose
Protein Pepsin Peptides
Peptides Protease Amino acids
Fats Lipase Fatty Acids and Glycerol
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Synthesis reaction
Glucose-1-phosphate
Starch
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Properties of enzymes
Speed up reactions.
Made of protein.
Are specific.
Not used up during the reaction.
Require optimum conditions at which they work
best.
At high temperature they become denatured
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Lock and Key

• http//www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animation
  s/Enzyme20activity.html

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Factors affecting Enzyme action

• Small amounts of enzyme will cause reaction in
  large amount of substrate
• Allow cell reactions at normal temps (speed up
  reactions w/o raising temp)
• Work best at certain temps (high temp denatures
  enzyme)
• Works best at certain pH (diff enzymes/diff pH)
• Rate of reaction depends on conc of enzyme
  substrate
• Some enzymes need coenzymes (help reaction - some
  vitamins are coenzymes)