Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the lung

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Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the lung
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The heart and lung block
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Airway Anatomy
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Human Lung
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Anatomy
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Lobes
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Bronchopulmonary Segments
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Alveolus
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Type 1 and Type 11 cells
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Surfactant
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Physiology

• Air in and Air out
• Gas exchange
• Saturations
• Alveolar-arterial gradient
• Metabolic
• Angiotensin 1 to 2 conversion
• Eicosanoid metabolism

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Gas in and out
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Peak Flow
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Volume Time
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Flow Volume Loop
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Pathology

• Think Anatomy
• Trachea
• Bronchus
• Alveolus
• Endothelium
• Interstitial space
• Blood vessels
• COPD
• Respiratory Failure
• O2 and oxygen therapy

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Tracheal Pathology
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Bronchus Pathology
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COPD

• Pink puffer or Blue Blotter

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FVC/FEV1 ratio
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Respiratory Failure

• Respiratory failure is present if PaO2 is less
  than 8 kPa - 60 mmHg.
• It is sub-classified into one of two types of
  respiratory failure based on the level of PaCO2
• Type 1 respiratory failure
• PaCO2 is less than 6.5 kPa
• PaO2 less than 8 kPa
• Type 2 respiratory failure
• PaCO2 is greater than 6.5 kPa
• PaO2 is less than 8 kPa

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O2 and oxygen therapy

• Patients with chronic hypoxia from chronic lung
  disease
• Poor PaO2 and good sats
• Acute unwell hypoxic patients need 100 oxygen