Ming

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Ming Early Qing China

• Ming Restoration
• Confucianism
• Cultural flourishing
• Matteo Ricci
• Ming Voyages
• Qing Dynasty
• Analysis of Chinas confidence/complacency

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Political History

• Mongol Yuan Dynasty (1260-1367)
• Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
• Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

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(No Transcript)
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Ming Restoration

• Ming ? bright or pure
• Ming shook off Mongol rule but soon lapsed into
  a defensive isolation, within its encrusted
  traditions.
• What were those traditions?

Emperor Hongwu
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Confucianism

• Confucius (551-479 B.C.)
• Strive to be a good-hearted person
• Role of education
• Learn from ancient sage-kings
• hierarchy
• Emperor
• Bureaucracy
• Civil Service Exam
• Advantages
• disadvantages

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Cultural Flourishing under Ming

• Population (150 million by 1600)
• Commercial revolution
• International commerce
• Macao
• Here, in return for silver from the Americas,
  the Portuguese obtained luxurious and exotic
  goods that brought exorbitant prices from
  European nobles who coveted them for the prestige
  they lent (Adler, 354).

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Matteo Ricci

• Metalwork
• they fashion many more things than we do
• Porcelain (china)
• highly prized
• Gunpowder
• make but little use of these in warfare
• Printing
• at least five centuries ago

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Ming Vase
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Ming Voyages-What did they do?

• Explored the globe East Indies, Persian Gulf,
  coast of Africa, America??
• Demonstrated brilliance
• Ship design
• Compass
• Rudder
• Sails
• seamanship

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Ming VoyagesWhat did they NOT do?

• No colonies
• No trade posts or relations
• No interest in the outside world
• The failure to pursue the avenues opened by the
  expeditions reflects the differences between the
  Chinese and European governments and the relative
  importance of merchants and entrepreneurial
  vision in the two cultures (Adler, 357).

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Qing Dynasty

• Manchuria (Manzhou)
• Chinese civilization overcomes its captors
• 4 ports open to European trade

Emperor Kangxi
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Why did China, with its large, financially
sophisticated commercial class and a leadership
role in so many ideas and techniques, not
experience an industrial revolution?
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John King Fairbank on Chinese Self-confidence

• The leaders of society were devoted to
  tradition. Instead of the ideal of progressthe
  Chinese of the Ming and Qing saw their ideal
  models in the past.
• This turning back for inspiration to the great
  ages of Han, Tang, and Song was accompanied by a
  deep resentment against the Mongols.

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(Fairbank)

• Gradually this view hardened into a lack of
  interest in anything beyond the pale of Chinese
  civilization.
• A degree of mingled fear and contempt for the
  outside world and a narrow concentration on the
  exclusively Chinese way of life produced a
  growing ethnocentrism.