The Agriculture of New Zealand

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The Agriculture of New Zealand
Images from powerpoint clipart.
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Questions to Remember!
1. Are the majority of New Zealands
agricultural products (both pastoral and
horticultural) used within the local markets of
New Zealand or exported abroad?
2. What is New Zealands top agricultural
exporter in terms of bringing home the money?
3. Why are the kiwifruit again being renamed by
New Zealanders, and what is the new name?
4. How can New Zealand afford to compete against
three huge competitors in the apple growing
market?
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Some definitions so we all are on the same page!
Agricultural products those products that are
both pastoral and horticultural
Pastoral products livestock (ex sheep, cattle,
venison) and livestock products (ex wool, milk,
meat)
Horticultural products grains, fruits,
vegetables, and their respective products
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A Brief History of Early Maori Agriculture
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Drawing By Louis August de Sainson in 1839
His first glimpse of Maori farmers upon arriving
in New Zealand with the French navigator
DUrville.
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Skilled agriculturalists that cultivated plants
brought from the tropics
Kumara Taro roots Yams Gourds Paper mulberry
Kumara- a type of sweet potato- was their major
crop and most valued.
http//www.kumara.co.nz/
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Planting, tending, and harvesting called for
rituals.
- incantations to Pani, mother of Rongo God of
Food Plants
- first tuber of kumara each season laid aside
for Rongo
Image of Rongo at Walt Disneys Tiki Room
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Then came the European settlers (Pakeha).
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Painting by Samuel Brees in 1847
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- Europeans brought potato with them.
-planted later and harvested earlier than kumara
- Maoris fed early settlers and took part in the
growth and export of potatoes and grain to
Australia.
- Europeans repaid Maoris by fighting them for
their lands in the Land Wars of the 1860s.
-along with lowered prices of exports, land wars
brought this era of cooperative farming to an end
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Early Animals
Captain James Cook brought in
-sheep
-pigs -goats -geese -other fowl
Images from powerpoint clipart.
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Samuel Marsden brought more sheep, cattle, and
horses to the Bay of Islands from New South Wales
(Australia).
Images from powerpoint clipart.
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Exportation of New Zealands Products
New Zealand exports many agricultural products
including but not limited to -dairy products
-meats (lamb, venison, beef) -wool -grains (whea
t, barley, some oats) -fruits (kiwifruit, apples,
pears)
Much of New Zealands agricultural products are
exported and account for over (NZ) 60 million of
the total GDP.
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UK
USA
Japan
China
Australia
http//www.maproom.psu.edu/graphics2/dcw/
Major Exportation Destinations
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New Zealands top agricultural producer that
brings in the most money per year is the dairy
products industry.
It brought in (NZ) 5.5 billion in 2004 totaling
19 of all exports.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
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Lamb is New Zealands most widely exported meat.
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Livestock of New Zealand
(yellow on map pastoral area of livestock)
(red areas land used in dairy production)
-sheep and lamb -cattle dairy and beef -venison

-chickens -pigs -others
land cover map from MAF
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Sheep and Lamb
Sheep population in 2004 39.3 million.
21 million sheep were on the South Island alone.
Canterbury region top lamb producer in 2004.
Most sheep stations are found on the South
Island. -sheep can survive in difficult terrain h
ere
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Meat or Wool?
Most sheep and lambs are raised for their meat
because they have been bred to be a more hearty
breed to survive the difficult terrain of the
South Island so their wool is more coarse and too
strong in fiber.
http//www.maf.govt.nz/statistics/primaryindustrie
s/livestock/slideshow/tour4.htm
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Cattle Dairy
Estimated at 5.2 million head (individuals) in
2004.
Waikato, Taranaki, and Canterbury are the top 3
dairy producing regions of New Zealand.
http//www.innz.co.nz/accommodation/
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Cattle Beef
4.4 million head in 2004
Beef and veal 40 of NZ meat/ meat products
exported
Two major breeds Angus and Hereford
Beef cattle often grazed in association with
sheep now.
Hereford Cattle
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Venison (Deer)
New Zealand is the major world supplier of
venison.
1.8 million estimated to be farmed in 2004
Produced primarily for meat.
New Zealand venison farm
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Pigs and Chickens
Pigs are mainly raised for New Zealands domestic
market and had a population estimation of 355,000
in 2003.
Chickens number in the low millions.
-increase of New Zealanders eating poultry
lately with an average person eating about 40 kg
in 2005
Chickens in New Zealand
New Zealand pigs
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Horticulture and New Zealand
Main produce
-kiwifruit -apples, pears, and other fruits -whe
at
-barley, oats, other crops
Horticultural exports were valued at (NZ) 2.2
billion in 2004.
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Kiwifruit
(aka Chinese Gooseberry)
Primarily grown in the Bay of Plenty region on
the North Island.
New Zealand began exporting kiwifruit around the
world in the 1970s.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
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Apples
Compete at harvest time against three huge apple
growing nations
-South Africa -Argentina -Chile
Images from powerpoint clipart.
Grow new varieties Royal Gala, Fuji, Braeburn,
Pacific Rose, and Southern Snap.
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Other fruits
Pears have also been an export for years.
Exotic fruits also grown in New Zealand (local
markets and personal use only)

-feijoa -babaco
Slow growing evergreen shrub.
http//personales.mundivia.es/schrader_gomera/feij
oa.htm
botany.cs.tamu.edu/ FLORA/dcs420/fa04/fa04005.jpg
Hybrid of the pawpaw.
http//aniconic.org/journal/ec-dialup/page08a.html
http//www.communitygarden.org.au/ideas/fruits/bab
aco.html
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Vegetable Industry
Fresh vegetable exports -tomatoes -potatoes -o
nions -squash -carrots and baby carrots -aspara
gus
Frozen vegetable exports -peas -corn -mixed ve
getables
-tomato products -dried peas
Images from powerpoint clipart.
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Grain Industry
Grain planted in 2002 covered
-53k hectares for wheat (decreased from 2001)
-70k hectares for barley (increased from 2001)
-15k hectares for maize (decreased from 2001)
Other arable seed crops -pea seed, clover seed,
and ryegrasses also decreased in 2002 from the
previous year.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
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Agricultural research is still the major area of
scientific research in New Zealand.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
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1. Are the majority of New Zealands
agricultural products used in New Zealand or
exported abroad?
Images from powerpoint clipart.
exported abroad and account for (NZ) 60 million
of the GDP
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2. What is New Zealands top agricultural
exporter in terms of bringing home the money?
Images from powerpoint clipart.
the dairy industry with its related products
(even outshines the wool industry!)
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3. Why are the kiwifruit again being renamed by
New Zealanders, and what is the new name?

Will be called Zespri kiwifruit to re-associate
the clean, green, sunny atmosphere of New Zealand
with growing kiwifruit and encourage consumers to
purchase more, thus increasing exports of the
fruit around the world.
Images from powerpoint clipart.
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4. How can New Zealand afford to compete against
three huge competitors in the apple growing
market?
Images from powerpoint clipart.
They have developed newer varieties such as the
Royal Gala, Fuji, Braeburn, Pacific Rose and
Southern Snap that the three major competitors do
not cultivate.
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References for information
Books
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Editor-in-Chief Gordon McLauchlan 1992. pgs
12-21.
The Far East and Australasia 2005 36th Edition
A.E. McQueen 2005. pgs 745-763
Journals
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental
Ethics
Mark Fisher vol 16, 2003 pgs 77-90.
Plant Pathology Genomic and phenotypic
characterization of the bacterium causing blight
of kiwifruit in New Zealand
J.M. Young, L. Gardan (1997) issue 46, pages
857-864.
The Economist Jeu Zespri. (8/10/96), vol 340,
issue 7978, p48-48.
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References for information
Websites
http//www.stats.govt.nz/analytical-reports/agric-
in-nz/default.htm http//www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet
/ http//www.kumara.co.nz/about.shtml http/
/epix.hazard.net/topics/animal/psorptes.htm
http//www.x-rates.com/calculator.html http/
/www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/pasfull/pasful
l.nsf/web/MediaReleaseNationalPopulationEstima
tesDecember2003quarter?open
http//www.casein.com/gen_info.htm http//www
.crfg.org/pubs/ff/babaco.html http//www.commun
itygarden.org.au/ideas/fruits/babaco.html
http//www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/feijoa.html
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References for images
PowerPoint 2003 clipart images.
http//www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/agricultu
re-forestry-horticulture-in-brief/2005/land-cover-
map-06.htm http//www.maproom.psu.edu/graphics2
/dcw/ http//www.startedbyamouse.com/features/D
etails02.shtml http//www.kumara.co.nz/ http
//www.maf.govt.nz/statistics/primaryindustries/li
vestock/slideshow/tour4.htm http//www.innz.co.
nz/accommodation/ http//www.dreamland.co.nz/li
festyle/ http//www.ourdotcom.com/TripLog/NewZe
aland/SouthIsland/Kaikoura.htm
http//www.waihakamara.co.nz/events.php?id47
Agricultural Statistics pdf saved from EBSCO
article. http//www.communitygarden.org.au/idea
s/fruits/babaco.html http//aniconic.org/journa
l/ec-dialup/page08a.html botany.cs.tamu.edu/ FL
ORA/dcs420/fa04/fa04005.jpg http//personales.m
undivia.es/schrader_gomera/feijoa.htm