The American Colonies Take Shape

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Chapter 3

• The American Colonies Take Shape

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Immigration and Slavery

• Push Pull factors
• Push negative, causing you to leave
• Pull positive, drawing you to one area
• Immigrants Germany, Scotland, Ireland
• Indentured Servants passage paid in return for
  work contract
• Portugal - African slave trade
• Middle Passage journey from Africa
• Different languages and cultures
• MOST went to West Indies
• Strong immune system

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Slavery cont.

• Triangular Trade
• North smallest number farmhands, dockworkers,
  house servants
• Middle South tobacco, sugar, indigo, rice
• Phillis Wheatley Af. American poet

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Government

• English tradition of democracy
• Magna Carta 1215
• Reduced power of king
• Needed consent of nobles to pass laws
• Parliament bicameral legislature (2 houses)
• Self rule in colonies local govts., town
  meetings, etc.
• 1689 Glorious Revolution William and Mary
  signed English Bill of Rights
• Guarantees freedoms from Magna Carta
• Habeas Corpus cannot hold someone w/out charge
• Jury Trial

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Economic Relationship

• Salutary Neglect England trades with colonies
  and allows self-rule (ignores)
• Mercantilism System of trade mother country
  exports goods in exchange for gold and silver
• Both sides benefit
• England benefits the most sells more than they
  purchase
• Navigation Acts only English ships could trade
  with colonies, specified certain products could
  only go to England, had to use an English port
  and pay duties (taxes)

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New Ideas

• Enlightenment European ideas that all problems
  could be solved by human reason
• Scientific Revolution used observation
  experimentation
• Challenged thinking about religion, science,
  government apply natural laws reason to gov.
• Challenged ideas of unlimited government,
  proposed natural rights of people, basic human
  (inalienable) rights, govt. by the consent of the
  governed (the people)
• Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau
• Benjamin Franklin inspired by Enlightenment
  scientist, inventor, writer, Renaissance Man
• http//www.history.com/videos/the-eventful-life-of
  -benjamin-franklin

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New Ideas cont.

• Great Awakening Revival of religious fervor
  power of individual
• Evangelical preachers traveled preaching
• Rejected Enlightenment/Secular ideas
• Jonathon Edwards, George Whitefield
• Led to formation of new churches, independent
  thinking

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Wars of Empire

• Worldwide struggle for empires
• N. America France vs. England
• French Indian War (1754)
• Indians allied with French (some w/English)
• Washington young British soldier
• Treaty of Paris 1763 ends war British win
  control of N. America ( Canada)
• Flood of British settlers into Indian lands
• Pontiacs Rebellion uprising against settlers
  ran out of ammunition, defeated
• Made peace in exchange for Proclamation of 1763
  (no settlers west of Appalachian mountains)

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Aftermath

• Revealed split between British colonists
• British wanted greater control
• Wanted colonists to pay for war
• Albany Plan of Union (Benjamin Franklin)
• First attempt to unite colonies
• Failed colonies didnt want to give up
  authority
• Timeline Jamestown 1607 Georgia 1733
• British first supported then changed - didnt
  like idea of united colonies
• This war is the beginning of the trouble between
  the British and the colonists will lead to
  REVOLUTION!

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