The Progressives and Their Networks

1
The Progressives and Their Networks

• (Getting by with a Little Help from Your Friends)

2
Who were the Progressives?

• Age Born between 1860 and 1880
• Class Middle-class origins
• Hard work
• Self-Discipline
• Individual Ethic
• Education
• Race Mostly White

3
Why dissatisfied?

• Series of economic panics 1870-1890
• Labor unrest
• Flood of immigrants
• Changes from industrialization, new technologies

4
Whats the solution?

• Association
• Social Solidarity
• Activist Government

5
Jane AddamsThe Hull House Hub
6
Addams Biographical
7
Founding of Hull House
1889
8
Hull House Growth
9
Early Residents

• Julia Lathrop (1858-1932)Moves to Hull House in
  1890.
• Mary Kenney (1864-1943)Moves to Hull House
  circa 1890.
• Florence Kelley (1859-1932)Moves to Hull House
  in 1891.

10
Julia Lathrop
11
Julia Lathrop

• 1893 Charities investigator
• Pioneer in applied sociology
• Chicago School
• Immigrants Protective League
• 1912 First head of federal Childrens Bureau
• Other issues suffrage

12
Florence Kelley
13
Florence Kelley

• Investigated sweatshop conditions report led to
  new IL laws
• 1893 Appointed chief factory inspector
• 1899 Head of National Consumers League moves
  into Henry Street Settlement in New York City
• 1912 Work on child labor instrumental in
  creation of Childrens Bureau
• Other issues suffrage, NAACP

14
Mary Kenney

• Unusual background
• 1892 first salaried organizer for AFL
• Worked with Kelley on labor issues
• Influential in founding of WTUL suffragist

15
Later Residents

• Alice Hamilton (1869-1970) Hull House 1897
• Mary McDowell (1854-1936)- Hull House 1890s
• Sophonisba Breckinridge (1866-1948)Hull House
  1907

16
Alice Hamilton

• 1893 MD from U Michigan
• 1897 Professor at Northwestern Hull House
• Expert on industrial poisons
• 1919 first woman on Harvard Medical School
  faculty

17
Alice Hamilton
1869-1970
18
Mary McDowell

• 1854-1936
• Founded settlement house by stockyards with JA
  help
• Co-founder WTUL
• Woman suffrage
• Womens Peace Party

19
Sophonisba Breckinridge

• First woman to receive Ph.D. in political
  science (U Chicago) in 1901
• WTUL drew to Hull House
• Succeeded Lathrop as head of Chicago School
  research department
• Founded Immigrants Protective League with
  Lathrop
• NAWSA leader
• Womens Peace Party

1866-1948
20
Edith Abbott

• 1876-1957
• U Chicago Ph.D. 1905
• Hull House resident 1908-1920
• Pioneering social research on working women and
  juvenile delinquency

21
Grace Abbott

• 1878-1939
• Masters, Political Science,
• U Chicago 1909
• Hull House, 1908-1920(?)
• 1908 Immigrants Protective League
• 1910-1917 Chicago School of Civics
• 1917 Childrens Bureau

22
Univ. Chicago Allies
W. I. Thomas (1983-1947)
John Dewey (1859-1952)
23
New York City Allies
Lillian Wald, pioneer in public health nursing
(1867-1940)
24
New York City Allies
1908, New York City
Lavinia Dock (1858-1956)
25
Networks Emerge

• Organizations
• Chicago School/U Chicago
• NY School of Philanthropy
• Other settlement houses in Chic and NYC
• Immigrants Protective League
• WTUL (1903)
• Childrens Bureau (1912)
• NAWSA /NWP

• Issues
• Immigrant abuse
• Womens work hours
• Child labor/welfare
• Public health
• Woman suffrage
• Peace

Hull House
26
Networking
27
Networking
28
W.E.B. DuBoisThe NAACP Hub
29
DuBois Biographical
1907
30
The Philadelphia Negro
31

DuBois and Hull House

• Visitor, 1903-1918
• Correspondence with Addams, Kelley, Lathrop
• Joint publications in journals

32
The Niagara Movement
1907
1905 ?
33
Call for Civil Rights

• The Call February 1909 signed by
• Jane Addams
• John Dewey
• W.E.B. DuBois
• Florence Kelley
• Mary McDowell
• W.I. Thomas
• William English Walling
• Ida B. Wells-Barnett among 60 total

34
NAACP founded 1909
Walling
Wells-Barnett
Ovington
35
Connections Continue
36
NAWSAThe Suffrage Hub
37
NAWSA Roles

• Vice-Presidents of NAWSA include
• Jane Addams
• Florence Kelley
• Sophonisba Breckinridge
• Madeleine McDowell Breckinridge
• Active Members/Supporters
• Mary Kenney OSullivan
• Mary White Ovington
• W. E. B. DuBois
• Oswald Garrison Villard
• Mary Church Terrell

Madeleine McDowell Breckinridge
38
Suffrage Networking
Suffrage Parade, NYC, 1912
39
Suffrage Networking
NAWSA Convention circa 1917
40
Suffrage Networking
41
Making the Connection
Alice Paul (1885-1977) in 1913
Alice Paul with NAWSA members
42
National Womans Party
1913 NAWSA Parade
43
National Womans Party
1917 Picketing/Arrests/Jail
44
The Women's Peace PartyThe Anti-War Hub
45
Response to War

• Founding WPP members include
• Jane Addams
• Florence Kelley
• Lillian Wald
• Mary McDowell
• Edith and Grace Abbott
• Sophonisba Breckinridge
• Julia Lathrop
• Alice Hamilton
• Anna Howard Shaw (NAWSA)
• Carrie Chapman Catt (NAWSA)
• Crystal Eastman (NAWSA/NWP)

46
Founding Meeting
January 10, 1915
47
Only the Beginning
Settlement house work Poverty
issues Anti-war Immigrant
welfare Public Health Child labor
Woman suffrage Child welfare Women
workers
48
Networks Continue
Frances Perkins
49
Classroom Activities

• Biographies/Autobiographies Examine which
  women/men have received more/less attention and
  discuss why
• Choose a group of Progressives and trace the
  connections among them of age, class, race,
  issues, and organizations create posters showing
  the network
• Choose an issue/event and investigate the
  networks
• Prepare a dialogue showing how people networked
  around issues

50
Questions?