A2 Physical Education

1
A2 Physical Education

• Catastrophe Theory

2
Catastrophe theory
A
Optimum arousal
Extreme Decline
Performance
D
C
B
Arousal
3
Catastrophe Theory

• Modification to the inverted U hypothesis
• Both argue that if arousal increases it will have
  a positive effect on performance to a certain
  point
• Combination of high physiological arousal with
  high cognitive anxiety levels players become
  upset to the detriment of the game

4
Catastrophe Theory

• Deterioration is much more extreme
• Can not be put right by merely calming down
• Going over the top!
• Ability to concentrate
• Recovery can be very difficult
• Requires mental toughness

5
Key to Figure

• Point A- Cognitive anxiety - reaching this
  threshold creates a catastrophic effect
• Point B performers continue with deterioration
  caused by over arousal May continue to Point C
• Point B they get to grips with the problem
  performance will move towards Point D

6
Achievement Motivation (Revision)

• Questions
• Why do some learners/performers achieve and some
  dont ?
• Why are some performers are driven to be more
  competitive?
• The need to achieve is a relatively stable
  disposition to strive for success

7
Achievement Motivation (Revision)

• Introduced by Murray (1938)
• 20 different motives or needs
• Achievement is linked to personality of the
  performer
• Competitive or Achievement orientated
• Gill (1986)
• A person who has high levels of achievement
  motivation would have a tendency to strive for
  success, persists in the face of failure and
  experience pride in accomplishments

8
Atkinson's Personality Components

• Ability to balance two underlying motives
• The need to achieve success
• The need to avoid failure

9
Situational Component

• The probability of success along with
• The incentive value of that success

10
High
Atkinsons suggested relationship between success
and the incentive value
Incentive value of success
High
Low
Probability of sucess
11
Examples and Formula

• Average player v Professional probability of
  success LOW
• Incentive value of winning for the average is
  high satisfaction
• MS Maf x PS x I P
• Motive to succeed Motive to avoid failure
  Probability of Success Incentive value of
  success

12
Outcome Goal Orientation

• Motivated by winning and beating the opposition
  enjoy feelings from competing and comparing.
• Ego boosted
• High expectations for the future

13
Task Goal Orientation

• Want to win
• Not so interested in comparison to others
• Developing own technical advances
• Intrinsic motivation
• Do fear failure

14
Stages of Motivation

• Describe Veroffs sequential stages
• 1. Autonomous competence
• 2. Social comparison stage
• 3 Integrated stage
• List the factors which may influence achievement
  motivation

15
Attribution Theory

• Perception of causes to behaviour and outcomes
• Complete activity 9 and 10 page 451 core text book

16
Internal Attributions
External Attributions
Task Difficulty
Stable attributions
Ability
Unstable attributions
effort
luck
Please complete activity 11 page 452 core text
17
SelfServing Bias

• Take credit for success
• Disassociation of failure
• Blaming External factors
• Success attributed to internal factors ------
  ---------?
• Do performers attribute poor performance to
  external factors?