Title: Exploring Our Wonderful World
1Physical Geology
Dr. James M. Martin-Hayden Associate
Professor (419) 530-2634 Jhayden_at_UTnet.UToledo.edu
- Exploring Our Wonderful World
- Learning the materials that comprise our planet
(and others) - Investigating the processes that transform these
earth materials and the environments of change - Discovering how to read the earth and the history
stored in the rocks
2A. Dr. Jamie Martin-Hayden
Introduction
- www.EEEScience.UToledo.edu/Faculty/Hayden/Def
ault.htm - Hydrogeologist studying groundwater resources and
contamination (Environmental Geology) - Special interest in the geology and hydrogeology
of the Oak Openings Region
3Introduction
- Text Essentials of Geology by Wicander and
Monroe, 4th edition, Thompson Brooks/Cole, 2006. - Course Website
- Syllabus
- Homework Posting
- Other Web Links
www.EEEScience.UToledo.edu /Faculty/Hayden/Courses
/PhysGeol/ PhysicalGeologyHomeJMH.htm
4World of Geology Geology is all around us.
- 1. Geological Resources
- 2. The Environment
- 3. Geological Hazards
- 4. Planetary Geology
- 5. Engineering
- 6. Landforms and Surface Processes
- 7. Artistic Inspiration
Environmental Geology
Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations
5The Cradle of Civilization Sprung from
geology of the region
http//encarta.msn.com/
6World of Geology
Geological Resources
- The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Crescent)
- Development limited by availability, e.g., soil,
water, energy - Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water,
minerals, oil, energy
http//encarta.msn.com/
7Geologic Resources
- Mineral Resources metals, fertilizers, minerals,
petroleum, construction
8Geologic Resources
- Mineral Resources metals, fertilizers, minerals,
petroleum, construction - Water resources Lakes, Rivers, Springs,
Groundwater
9Geologic Resources
- Mineral Resources e.g., Metals, fertilizers,
minerals, petroleum, construction - Water resources e.g., Lakes, Rivers, Springs,
Groundwater - Energy
- e.g., Oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear,
silicon, hydroelectric (dams), hydrothermal
(Earths heat)
10Geologic Resources
- The Geologists Job
- Locating and Characterizing quantity and quality
of geologic resources - Extracting geologic resources efficiently
- Assessing environmental effects of extraction and
use
11E.g., Misuse of Resources
12Misuse of ResourcesDesiccation of the Aral Sea,
Kazakhstan
See Page 6
Aral Sea Over Time
1980
2000
2005
1957 1977 1982 1984 1993 2000
www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm
13Overuse of Geologic Resources
(Geology in the News)
- 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and
the environment cant sustain this standard of
living. (Worldwatch Institute, 2004) - Emissions of Greenhouse gasses are accelerating
global warming. (IGPCC, 2007) - Climate change is accelerating melting of
glaciers and driving mass extinctions (The
Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds
University, UK)
14Environmental Geology
- Environmental Sciences How we influence the
earth -
- Geologic Hazards How geology influences us
15Geology in the News
http//news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003
San Andreas Fault
Geologic Hazards
- Two die in 6.5 magnitude Earthquake near San Lois
Obispo California - Earthquake triggers mudslides
16Assessing Risk
Major Quake Likely to Strike San Francisco Bay
Region Between 2003 and 2032
Geologic Hazards
- Assessing Risks
- Avoiding Risks
- Preventing Damage
- Predicting Impact
(http//quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02
/
17Earthquake Bam, Iran
Photos from AP
- A Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake hits a stone- and
mud-house city of 100,000 in Iran 12-26-03 - 30,000 Dead
- 30,000 Refugees
- US sends aid and releases sanctions
- Relations improved
18Geological Hazards
Volcanoes (pg. 108)
Floods (see pgs., 284)
Landslides (see pg. 250)
Earthquakes (pg. 202)
19Geology in Engineering
Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control
To prevent slope failure engineers must
understand the geology that forms and controls
the slope
20Geology in Engineering
21Geology in Engineering
The Leaning Tower Straightens Up
In Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsing
Committee member John Burland, an engineer,
promoted soil extraction as the best way to save
the tower.
Engineers use knowledge of geology to design,
protect and correct structures
www.smithsonianmag.si.edu
22Planetary Geology
http//marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/
Geologists lead the mission
Robot geologist explores Mars
Steve Squyres says that, even though the MER's
work will have just begun, he'll feel like
celebrating the moment he's got "six wheels in
the dirt."
Guided by MER specialists back on Earth, each
rover will travel dozens of yards a day while
investigating sites of interest.
23Geologists Study Mars
PBS
- Canyons indicate a geologically active planet
- Rock layers, Gullies, and Sand Dunes all
geological landforms - The largest chasm and volcano in the solar system
5 miles deep
1,860 mi
Valles Marineris
Olympus Mons
15 miles high
340 mi
http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/mars/
24Landforms and Surface Processes
H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park,
1987
- Glaciers (ch 14)
- Mass Wasting (ch 11)
- Streams (ch 12)
- Shorelines (ch 16)
- Deserts (ch 15)
- Ground water (ch13)
http//www.berann.com
25Historical Geology
- (Chapter 18)
- Deciphering Earth History and
- Charting the evolution of life
26Landforms and Surface Processes
Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902) Merced River,
Yosemite Valley 1866, Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Hudson River School
Anonymous 19th Century Japanese
27Geology in Art
Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) Mont Sainte Victoire,
1900 Hermitage
ALBERT BIERSTADT (1830-1902)The Oregon Trail,
1869
Buttler Institute of American Art, Youngstown,
Ohio
28Objectives of Chapter 1
- Introduce the broad field of Geology
- Importance of understanding our planet
- Specialties in geology (pg. 8)
- How effects us (pg. 9-11)
- Origin and Structure of the Earth
- Formation of the solar system (pg. 13)
- Differentiation of the proto earth
- Zones of the Earth (Fig 1.11)
29Objectives of Chapter 1
- Introduce Earth Systems and Plate Tectonics
- Convection driving plate motion (pg. 15)
- Plates and plate boundaries (pg. 16-17)
- Geologic phenomena and landforms at plate
boundaries - Plate tectonics and the scientific method (pg.
15-16) - Introduction to the Geologic Time Scale
- Eons, Eras and Periods (pg. 21)
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