Weekly Plan

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Weekly Plan

• 11-15 October

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Students Will Be Able To

• Understand and be able to recognize ethos
  appeals.
• Write using ethos appeals in their own writings.
• Continue to use and recognize pathos appeals both
  in students own writings, in advertisements, and
  in others writings.
• Continue to use and recognize logos appeals both
  in students own writings, in advertisements, and
  in others writings.

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ACT Practice (Monday)

• Questions 16-30
• 7 minutes

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Writing Prompt (Tuesday)

• Write, using well-reasoned and persuasive
  techniques. Make certain to write at least 50
  words.
• Why do you deserve an A in English II class? Use
  ethos appeals only.

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Reading Comprehension(Wednesday)

• ACT Packet
• Reading Portion
• Read first story and answer questions on story
• 10 minute time limit

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Writing Prompt (Thursday)

• Write, using well-reasoned and persuasive
  techniques. Make certain to write at least 50
  words.
• Why do you deserve an A in English II class?
• Use each appeal (pathos, logos, and ethos) in
  your argument.

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Weekly Plan
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Whats Due?
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(No Transcript)
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Ethos
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Ethos Examples

• "If, in my low moments, in word, deed or
  attitude, through some error of temper, taste, or
  tone, I have caused anyone discomfort, created
  pain, or revived someone's fears, that was not my
  truest self. If there were occasions when my
  grape turned into a raisin and my joy bell lost
  its resonance, please forgive me. Charge it to my
  head and not to my heart. My head--so limited in
  its finitude my heart, which is boundless in its
  love for the human family. I am not a perfect
  servant. I am a public servant doing my best
  against the odds." (Jesse Jackson, Democratic
  National Convention Keynote Address, 1984)

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Ethos The way your audience perceives you in the
following areas

• TrustworthinessDoes your audience believes you
  are a good person who can be trusted to tell the
  truth?
• SimilarityDoes your audience identify with you?
• AuthorityDo you have formal or informal
  authority relative to your audience?
• ReputationHow much expertise does your audience
  think you have in this field?

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Types of Ethos Appeals

• Anecdotes A short account of an interesting or
  humorous incident.
• Plain Folks Appeal The adopting of a humble,
  everyday appearance and/or language so that
  people will identify.
• Balanced Voice/ Tone The ability to write in
  authoritative manner without resorting to
  name-calling or bias.
• Folk Wisdom Homespun idioms with deep cultural
  meanings.
• Appeal to Authority A fallacious argument
  explaining that a statement is correct because
  the statement is made by a person or source that
  is commonly regarded as authoritative.

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Anecdotes

• Tell stories or anecdotes which show you are
  consistent with your message (Trustworthiness)
• Dont be a hypocrite. Nobody will act on your
  advice if you dont.
• Example
• Suppose you are trying to persuade your audience
  to support Habitat for Humanity. You can raise
  your ethos by crafting stories or anecdotes which
  demonstrate that you are active in the local
  Habitat organization.
• By demonstrating that you follow your own advice,
  your audience is more likely to believe you on
  other points which cannot be so easily verified
  (for example, statistics about Habitat for
  Humanity).

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Plain Folks Appeal

• By using the plain-folks technique, speakers
  attempt to convince their audience that they, and
  their ideas, are "of the people." (Similarity.)
• Example
• Political candidates who campaign as outsiders,
  promising to "clean out the barn" and set things
  straight in Washington.
• Both the Republicans and Democrats tried use this
  appeal in the last presidential election. The
  Tea Party (which is now funded by billionaires
  almost entirely) is now running on this appeal
  alone.
• The political landscape is dotted with
  politicians who challenge a mythical "cultural
  elite," presumably aligning themselves with
  "ordinary Americans."

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Balanced Voice/ Tone

• Your tone should match your audience (Similarity)
• educated audience more extensive vocabulary
• uneducated audienceuse 8th grade vocabulary
• Your must avoid name-calling in your writing
  (Reputation)
• This is called an ad hominem attack
• Subtle bias is acceptable
• Example Mr. James, a devoted and aggressive
  attorney, cross examined the witness on the
  stand.
• Name-calling is unacceptable
• Example James, a millionaire workaholic who
  obviously hates his family and loves to make
  babies and old women cry, grilled the innocent
  witness on the stand.

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Avoiding Bias in Research (Reputation)

• You should be balanced in
• Your language (no name-calling)
• Your viewpoint (make sure to assume your
  opponents best arguments)
• Your research (no bias and many, learned sites
  for information)
• Bias (n.) preference an unfair preference for
  or dislike of something.
• Your research should come primarily from
• .gov sites
• .edu sites
• .org sites

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Appeal to Authority (Authority)

• A fallacy of defective induction, where it is
  argued that a statement is correct because the
  statement is made by a person or source that is
  commonly regarded as authoritative.
• Person A is (claimed to be) an authority on
  subject S.
• Person A makes claim C about subject S.
• Therefore, C is true.
• Similar to testimonial, but focus is on expertise
  or authority, not fame

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Ethos Examples
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Ethos Examples

• While confined here in Birmingham city jail,
  I came across your recent statement calling my
  present activities "unwise and untimely."...Since
  I feel that you are men of genuine good will and
  that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I
  want to try to answer your statement in what I
  hope will be patient and reasonable in terms.
  (Martin Luther King, Jr. Letters From
  a Birmingham Jail)

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Balanced Tone/ Voice
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Ethos Examples

• I have a dream that one day every valley shall be
  exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be
  made low, the rough places will be made plain,
  and the crooked places will be made straight
  "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and
  all flesh shall see it together.
• Martin Luther King, Jr.
• I Have a Dream Speech
• 28 August 1963

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Appeal to Authority
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Ethos Examples
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Plain Folks
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Ethos Examples

• Neither a borrower nor lender be.
• If at first you dont succeed, try, try again.
• Snitches get stitches.

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Folk Wisdom
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Ethos Examples
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Ad hominem attacks(Fallacy)
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Ethos Examples

• When I first went to college, my parents paid
  for my schooling. After I flunked out, however,
  my father insisted I pay my own way. So, I
  worked a lot. I became a waiter, a bartender, a
  photo technician. I swept floors, washed dishes,
  cleaned toilets. And, ever so slowly, I paid for
  school. It took me a long time. There were many
  years where I had to go part-time or not at all
  because I couldnt afford it. But, eventually, I
  was able to graduate. Looking back on my time in
  college, I really appreciate the fact that my
  father made me pay for my own education. It made
  me a better person.

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Anecdote
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Ethos Examples

• Bill "I believe that abortion is morally
  acceptable. After all, a woman should have a
  right to her own body." Jane "I disagree
  completely. Dr. Johan Skarn says that abortion is
  always morally wrong, regardless of the
  situation. He has to be right, after all, he is a
  respected expert in his field." Bill "I've
  never heard of Dr. Skarn. Who is he?" Jane
  "He's the guy that won the Nobel Prize in physics
  for his work on cold fusion." Bill "I see. Does
  he have any expertise in morality or ethics?"
  Jane "I don't know. But he's a world famous
  expert, so I believe him."

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Appeal to Authority
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Genres of On-Demand Writing
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On-Demand Writing

• Four types of writing
• Letter to the editor
• Editorial
• Feature article
• Speech

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Letter to the Editor

• Remember to GROPE
• Greeting
• Reason for writing (3 points)
• Organize your points in paragraphs or groups of
  paragraphs
• Prove each point with three specific examples or
  statistics
• End your letter with thanks
• Salutation after the end

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Editorial

• Remember
• Problem
• Solution
• Benefits
• Assuming your opponents argument
• Closing strong

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Feature Article

• Spotlight a particular person, place, thing, or
  problem
• Find an angle
• Usually light in tone, but not always
• Paragraphs 1 or 2 sentences long
• Quotes personalize the story

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Speech

• Remember
• Hook Analogies work best
• Thesis Statement What youre saying and the 3
  points you need
• Body 3 paragraphs expanding the 3 points from
  the thesis statement
• Conclusion End strong

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Pathos

• Appeal to the heart
• Example For just dollars a day you can help a
  poor Ethiopian child survive in this harsh,
  barren world.

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Logos

• Appeal to the mind
• Example According to the KDA, Trimble County
  students scores at an 88 percentile in language
  arts.

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Ethos

• Appeal to a perceived specific cultural value or
  reliability in character.
• Example Chevrolet is as American as hot dogs,
  baseball, and apple pie.

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Writing Tools
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Parallelism

• What you do for one part of speech, you do for
  all.
• Example I jumped in the river, grabbed my
  nephew, and dunked him in the water.
• Example I believe in a government of the
  people, by the people, and for the people.

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Assuming the Argument

• Stating and proving wrong an argument someone
  might have with your solution or supposition
• Example Critics may say the cost of a new
  school is high. Isnt it worth it to give our
  children a better chance to learn, grow, compete,
  and excel in todays changing world?