Steel

1
Steel

• 34 growth in steel production in the last 10
  years
• 50 of production in OECD, 2003
• Moderate trade 30 of production traded
• Highly fragmented Top ten companies account for
  28 of production
• International Iron and Steel Institute

2
Steel emissions

• 5.2 (estimated) of total anthropogenic GHG
  emissions
• Two production routes
• integrated electric arc furnace
• Emissions sources
• Integrated fossil fuels 2.7 tCO2/tSteel
• Integrated electricity 0-0.2 tCO2/tSteel
• Electric furnace fossil fuels 0.2 tCO2/tSteel
  Electric furnace electricity 0-0.7 tCO2/tSteel

3
Integrated and electric furnace steel,
production and emissions intensity
4
Steel CO2 intensities by region, 1995
5
Scope for progress in steel

• Minor improvements through process integration
  heat recovery (2 reduction)
• continuous casting
• furnace gas recovery and use
• coke dry quenching
• Short to mid term opportunities
• Corex, CCF, Circored, Circofer, HISmelt (up to
  45 reduction in integrated steel emissions)
• Long term future
• carbon capture and storage (up to 90 reduction)
• alternative reductants such as H2 (50100
  reduction)