Chapter 31: Japan and The Pacific Rim

1
Chapter 31 Japan and The Pacific Rim

• Katya Barrera
• Yvonne Martinez
• Leslye Campos
• Kristy Trevino
• Brenda Chapa
• Sofia Santizo
• Julian Hernandez
• Jim Torres

2
Japans Ongoing Development

• At first ---gtJapanese lag behind Western level
• Development begins
• Silk production in 1860 was about 16 million lbs
  then by 1929 it shot up to about 93 million
• Agricultural productivity improved
• Farmers introduced fertilizers and new equipment
• Ex Rice production more than doubled between
  1880s and 1930s
• 2nd Industrial Phase in 1920s
• Zaibatsu sponsored expansion fields shipbuilding
  and metallurgy
• Relying with government bureaucracy
• Use of electric power grew faster in Japan than
  anywhere else in the world (1920)
• Education advanced rapidly
• Immense population growth (restricted improvement
  in living conditions)

3
Political Crisis and Growing Militarism

• Military even in more control
• Military were looked up to by the people as
  protectors
• Military even studied in separate and special
  schools 
• 1920s Japan experimented with a liberal
  political pattern
• Did work a little but served for the military to
  realize that they wanted more power and not be
  restricted
• Military officials beginning to make separate
  decisions about Munchuria
• May 1932- Group of younger army officers attacked
  the key government and banking officers and
  murdered the prime minister
• Did not take FULL state control but did frustrate
  the government with having some control
• Another military coup attempt in 1936, but
  failed
• By the end of 1938, Japan controlled a regional
  empire, including Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan

4
Change in Other Pacific Rim Areas

• Japan had firm control over Korea and had
  economic policies for them that did little to
  improve their economy
•  They disrupted Korea's traditions and had
  replaced their Korean king with his son in 1908
  and he was assassinated a year later which led to
  the abolishment of  monarchy
• Japan sought to suppress Korean culture and
  promote the adoption of Japanese ways
• Korean language news papers were banned
• Korean teachers needed to wear Japanese uniforms,
  carry swords
• Japanese money, language, weights and measures
  where introduced
• Korean peasant where compelled to concentrate on
  rice production for export and the Korean youth
  were enrolled into the Japanese armies to help
  with expanding war effort
• Singapore was a city that held a large
  population of the Chinese people that belonged to
  the British as they tried to build a naval base
  but was captured by the Japanese in World War II

5
New Divisions and the End of Empires

• A decade after World War II, the Philippines,
  Indonesia, and Malaysia had gained independence
• Taiwan was still ruled by Chiang Kai-shek, but
  Chinese was in hands of a powerful communist
• Korea remained divided, but there was a lot of
  tension and American presence in South Korea kept
  its independence
• Japan began to recover

6
Japanese Recovery

• in 1945 Japan was a mess. the factories where
  destroyed and the people where in shock by the
  surrender from all the bombing that had been
  going on including the atomic devastation of
  the Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• like always, Japan was quick to rebound its
  economy but with the help of the United States.
  they intervened to try and help them rebuild
  their economy and place without any hint of
  military threat anywhere. an American occupation
  government led by General Douglas McArthur worked
  to tear down Japans wartime political structure.
• in 1951 Japan signed a peace treaty with most of
  its wartime opponents. this led to
• military forces to be disbanded
• police decentralization
• many officials removed
• and political prisoners released.

7
Recovery Continued.

• America had pressed to make a Democracy in Japan
  and even gave women the right to vote, encouraged
  labor unions and abolished shintoism as new
  economic reforms where introduced breaking up
  landed estate for the benefit of small farmers.
• they helped the Japanese make a constitution that
  abolished military that was wartime and
  guaranteed civil liberties and the emperor was
  just a figure with no power now but the Japanese
  fit their own values in the constitution to
  preserve themselves.
• the Japanese emphasized the importance of
  learning and education and tried to make the
  students prepared to enter the world of Japans
  economy. the students where prepared for their
  future role in the economy 'whether they like it
  or not"
• a state religion. 

8
Korea Invention and War

• In 1948, the United States helped make a
  Republic of Korea in the south, and the Peoples
  Democratic Republic of Korea in the north
  supported by the Soviet.
• Kim II-Sung in the north a communist state
• Syngman Rhee in the south parliamentary
  institution, but maintained a strongly
  authoritarian form, and had American military
  presence
• North Korea attacks South Korea in June 1950,
  trying to unify by force and starting the Korean
  war
• North Korea is helped by allied forces,
  including the United States, and in 1953, peace
  is reached
• North Korea did not change much, and even after
  the Soviet liberation, little change happened
• IN 1954, a defense treaty was signed between
  South Korea and the U.S., and American military
  troops were reduced
• Went from being authoritarian and then army
  officers took over control in 1961

9
Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and
Singapore

• The U.S. gave economic support to Taiwan until
  the 1960s
• Singapore gained independence as a free port in
  1959
• Hong Kong returned to Chinese control in 1997

10
Japans Distinctive Political and Cultural Style

• Only had one party, the Liberal Democratic
  Party, from 1955 onwards
• Strong business, export expansion and economic
  growth
• Government campaigned birth control and
  abortion, slowing down population growth
• Poetry, paintings, tea ceremonies, and flower
  arrangements still continued
• Films were about their history
• Japanese painters and architects fused Japanese
  styles with Western styles

11
Japans Economic Surge

• By 1983, the total national product was equal to
  the totals of China, Korea, Taiwan, India,
  Pakistan, Australia, and Brazil
• Became one of the top two or three economic
  powers in the world
• High quality goods, such as cars and electronics
  
• High government support and expansion of
  education made it possible
• Workers paired to where they fit best
• ensured life time employment
• low unemployment rate
• early retirement age

12
Life in Japan

• Women educated, but did not do much with their
  husbands and dedicated themselves to taking care
  of the kids and other domestic duties
• Drinking was highly more accepted to relieve
  from university or job stress
• Baseball, tennis, and golf became popular
• Government encouraged use of chopsticks since
  many preferred knives and forks
• Pollution became a huge problem by the 1960s
• Corruption in the 1990s
• Severe economic recession after a huge economic
  boom
• Liberal democrats replaced

13
The Korean Miracle

• Syngman Rhee (South Koreas ruler) and other
  taken out of power by student demonstrations
  since 1960
• South Korea emphasized economic growth from
  1950s onward
• industrial firms created
• by 1970s, Korea was competing successfully in
  cheap consumer goods, as well as steel and cars
• Korea farther more successful in exporting steel
  and textile than Japan
• Hyundai created by Chung Ju Yung, and by the
  1980s, had 135,000 employees and 42 overseas
  offices
• Population soared
• By the 1980s, over 40 million people live in
  South Korea, and had the highest population
  density on earth
• Soon, birth regulations were encouraged
• Suffered bad pollution like Japan

14
Advances in Taiwan and the City States

• Taiwan also experienced a high rate of economic
  development
• Agricultural and industrial productivity
  increased
• Money spent on education, and literacy rates and
  levels of technical training increased
• Traditional medicinal practices kept, but
  combined with modern, more western strategies
• Japan was the nations biggest trading partner
• In 1978, Chiang Ching-kuo took power, and
  stressed authoritarian rule and political
  diversity was not encouraged
• Lee Kuan Yew took over Singapore in 1959 for 3
  decades, and established tight control over their
  citizens
• caused low crime rates
• Singapore worlds 4th largest port
• Education and health improved
• Hong Kong was also very active in the trading
  industry
• Textiles and clothing formed 39 of total
  exports, along with heavy industry by the 1980s
• A middle class emerged

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Common Themes and New Problems

• The Pacific Rim had more than economic growth
  and expansion in common
• believed in hard work
• Confucianism morality often used
• relied on the government
• Little tigers such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and
  Thailand had economic growth
• In the final years of the 20th century,
  unemployment rose, bad economy
• westerners thought this could be resolved if
  they turned more to a free market competition
• Indonesia became democratic instead of
  authoritarian in 1998
• But in 1999, economic rates began to pick up
  again

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Important people to Remember
Leon Trotsky-  recruited able generals and masses
of loyal conscripts Joseph Stalin- undisputed
leader of the Soviet state, his victory brought
triumph for party control over all branches of
governments Lenin- set up a Communist
International office to guide international revolu
tionary activity Peter the Great -continued the
growth of absolutism and conquest Hitler- Nazi
leader of fascist Germany, created a strongly
centralized state in Germany, eliminated all
rivals Nadezhda Mandelstantam- her husband was
arrested, she dedicated her literary life to his
memory while staying out of police purview by
teaching English in obscure teachers' training
institutes
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Important People Continued
Nikita Khrushchev- attacked Stalinism for its
concentration of power and arbitrary
dictatorship Mikhail Gorbachev- conveyed a new
and more Western style, dressing in more
fashionable clothes, held open press conferences
and allowing Soviet media to engage in active
debate and to report on problems as well as
successes  Boris Yeltsin- became the leading
political figure, struggled to gain a political
base Vladimir Putin- did not initially clarify
Russia's political or economic directions
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The Big Point

• The Pacific Rim experienced a really big
  economic growth and many nations gained
  independence after World War II