HSMM / 2.4 GHz and Antenna Building Project Night

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HSMM / 2.4 GHz andAntenna BuildingProject Night

• Brought to you by
• The Other Keith (N8XD)

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Microwave Topics

• Devices
• Amplifiers
• Locations
• Test Equipment
• Transmission Lines
• Connectors
• Software
• Antennas

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2.4 GHz Devices

• Cordless Phones

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2.4 GHz Devices

• Video Senders

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2.4 GHz Devices

• WiFi

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2.4 GHz Devices

• Bluetooth and ZigBee

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2.4 GHz Devices

• Wireless Cameras

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2.4 GHz Devices

• WiMax

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2.4 GHz Devices

• Satellites

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2.4 GHz Devices

• Microwave Ovens

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Signal Bandwidth
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Polarization

• Linear
• Horizontal
• Vertical
• Elliptical
• Left hand
• Right hand

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Mis-Polarization

• Linear
• Horizontal
• Vertical
• Elliptical
• (circular)
• Left hand
• Right hand

• Horiz. vs Vert. (20db loss)
• Eliptical vs Linear (3db loss)
• Left vs Right (20db loss)

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Amplifiers

• RF Amplifiers
• Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA) for receiving small
  signals
• Power Amplifiers for transmitting

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Amplifiers

• Location

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Amplifiers

• Bias-Tee (Power Injector, etc)

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Obstacles at 2.4 GHz

• Anything Solid
• Trees / Leaves
• Buildings
• Water?

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Water Vapor
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Test Equipment

• Wave Meter

• Frequency Counter

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Test Equipment

• RF Power Meter

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Test Equipment

• Signal Source
• VCO
• Harmonic Multiplier
• Gunn Diode
• Video Sender
• Cordless Phone

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VSWR

• Directional Coupler

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Transmission Lines

• Waveguide

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Transmission Lines

• Coax

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Transmission Lines

• Microstrip

• Stripline

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RF Connectors

• SMA

• RP-SMA

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RF Connectors

• N Connector

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RF Connectors
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Antennas

• Waveguide Antennas

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Antennas

• Waveguide Antennas (Horns)

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Antennas

• PCB Yagi

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Antennas

• PCB Patch

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Antennas

• PCB Log Periodic

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Antennas

• 1/4 Wave (31 mm)

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Antennas

• Helical

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Antennas

• Collinear

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Antennas

• Parabolic Cylinder

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Antennas

• Corner Reflector

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Antennas

• Dish

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Link Budget
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Link Budget Software
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Software

• Fresnel Zone (60)

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Construction

• Measurements for a 3-1/4 diameter
• Probe Length 1.21 (31mm)
• Set 2.49 from back of can (63mm)

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Multimedia Software

• Conf (NetMeeting)
• Windows Start Button
• Find Run on the menu
• Type in conf and press enter
• Sends Voice and Video over a network in this
  case, wireless.

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Testing Methods

• VSWR

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Testing Methods

• VSWR Measurement
• FP Forward Power
• RP Reverse Power
• 1sqr(RP/FP) VSWR
  ---------------- 1-sqr(RP/FP)
• Definition impedance mismatch between
  transmission line and load

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Testing Methods

• VSWR Measurement Example
• FP .18 mW
• RP .05 mW
• 1sqr(.05/.18) VSWR
  ---------------- 3.251
  1-sqr(.05/.18)

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Testing Methods

• VSWR Mismatch Effects