Dr. Bill Vicars Lifeprint.com

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Dr. Bill Vicars Lifeprint.com
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Linguistics of American Sign Language
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Lexical Categories(5th Edition Pages 100 111)
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x
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Lexical "words or vocabulary"
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Lexical Unit "a word" (or a sign)
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Lexical Categories
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Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs etc.
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Can divide signs into two types
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Content Signs Function Signs
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Content Signs Examples
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nouns verbs adjectives adverbs
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Function signs include
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pronouns prepositions conjunctions
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What are some Content Signs" lexical categories?
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noun verb adjective adverb
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What are some Function Signs lexical categories?
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pronouns prepositions and conjunctions
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If a lexical category tends to accept new signs
it is "open."
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If a lexical category doesnt accept new signs it
is "closed."
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Example Sometimes we need new nouns
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MICROWAVE I-PHONE E-Mail
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We don't seem to need new pronouns
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"it"
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Existing pronouns can refer to new nouns.
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So we don't need new pronouns.
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So, the lexical category of "pronoun" is closed.
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Topic Nouns
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Name signDr. Bill
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Name sign Katie
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noun
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CHICAGO noun
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SEARS noun
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DENNY'S noun
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COMPUTER TABLE THEORY noun
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Nouns include individuals
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places
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concrete things
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abstract things
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Nouns tend to be countable.
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How do you make a noun plural in English?
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Generally you add an "s"
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How do you make a noun plural in ASL?
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reduplication
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brothers BROTHER
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sisters SISTER
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words WORD
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plants PLANT
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"Verbs"
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Verbs
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actions
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events
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processes
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states of being
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RUN
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WALK
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ENJOY
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LIKE
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HELP
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INFORM
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Topic"Adjectives"
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Adjectives describe nouns
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Adjective examples
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opinions
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sizes
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age
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color
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Adjectives tend to appear before nouns
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Adj after noun "adjectival predicate"
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Example MOVIE, FUNNY
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adj FUNNY (after movie) acts as a verb
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Ex The movie is funny!
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Adjectives can be modified
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TALL MAN vs
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VERY-TALL MAN
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Topic"Adverbs"
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Adverbs are used to
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express manner
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indicate temporal frequency
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modify adjectives
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modify other adverbs
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English tends to use "-ly"
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ASL modifies via "articulation"
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Articulation means
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"How a sign is produced"
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Example SIT vs
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SIT-FOR-LONG-TIME
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Adverbs also indicate "when"
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YESTERDAY
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TWO-WEEKS-AGO
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NEXT-TWO-DAYS
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STILL
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Example TOMORROW PRO-1 WORK
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CLOSED LEXICAL CATEGORIES
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Pronouns Modal_verbs Prepositions Conjunctions
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What does a pronoun do?
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Represents an already identified
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PERSON
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PLACE
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THING
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English he, she, it, them, us
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How are ASL pronouns different from English
pronouns?
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ASL only has two categories of pronouns
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1. Pronouns that point at oneself
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2. Pronouns that point away from self
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PRO-1 I / me
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PRO you, he, she, it, they
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English has 3 categories of pronouns
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1st person I / me
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2nd person you
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3rd person he/she
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Another difference subject and object pronouns
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English I / me we / us he / him
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ASL initial location / final location (direction)
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ASL has "numeral morphemes"
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ASL pronouns can identify a specific number
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PRO-MULTI-THREE (first person)
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PRO-MULTI-THREE (non-first person)
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Examples
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PRO-1 I/ME
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PRO-DUAL-1 "WE-2"
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"you 2"
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"you 3"
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"those three"
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PRO-PL-1 "we"
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PRO-PL "they"
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Topic"Modal Verbs"
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Modal verbs express necessity or possibility
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Usually modal verbs come before other verbs
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Sometimes modal verbs come after a verb
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verb gt modal verb "emphasis"
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Examples
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WILL
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CAN
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MUST
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SHOULD
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Topic Modal Verb "emphasis"
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What is the difference between these concepts in
ASL?...
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should need-to must
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Playful intensity MUST!-4-fingers
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Topic "prepositions"
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Prepositions show relationships of nouns
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English under, on, in, above, with, do, etc.
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ASL "depiction"
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depiction used to be called "classifiers"
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depiction showing how
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Predicate "says something about"
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"Predicate" "comment"
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ASL prepositions tend to incorporate
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more information, for example
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INSIDE-(near_chest) "inner feelings"
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Example
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OLD FEELING STILL INSIDE-MY-CHEST
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Topic Conjunctions
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Conjunctions join words or phrases
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ASL conjunctions
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BUT
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UNDERSTAND
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OR
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PLUS
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Examples
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PRO BRING TV, SHELF PLUS S-O-F-A
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PRO CAN GO STORE UNDERSTAND HELP MOTHER FIRST
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?
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Dr. Bill Vicars Lifeprint.com