RESAT EGYPT

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WATER TREATMENTBy Chemist Ayman Awny

• RESAT EGYPT
• WATER TREATMENT
• Website www.resategypt.com

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Introduction

• Problems Of Water Treatment.
• Water Treatment In Industry.
• Water Treatment In Hotels,Hospitals Building.

• RESAT EGYPT
• WATER TREATMENT
• Website www.resategypt.com

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Micro.
Corrosion
1
1 Corrosion
2 Suspended Solid
3 Scale
4 Micro-Organism
2
4
Scale
Suspended. Solid
3

• RESAT EGYPT
• WATER TREATMENT
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Topics of Discussion

• Corrosion.
• Scale Formation.
• Suspended Solids.

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• Boiler Water Treatment

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Problems in Boiler Systems

• Corrosion
• free carbon dioxide
• oxygen
• Deposits
• hardness
• organic matter
• corrosion products
• Suspended Solids
• corrosion product
• scale product

• RESAT EGYPT
• WATER TREATMENT
• Website www.resategypt.com

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Topic One

• ??????????
• Corrosion

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Causes of Corrosion

• Boiler Area
• Insufficient oxygen removal in feed water
• High pH value and alkalinity
• Increase in suspended solids
• Steam and Condensate Area
• Formation of carbon dioxide
• Insufficient oxygen removal in the feed water
• Low pH-values

• RESAT EGYPT
• WATER TREATMENT
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• RESAT EGYPT
• WATER TREATMENT
• Website www.resategypt.com

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Causes of Corrosion
Fundamental Risks In Boiler Water

• Standard Corrosion Reaction
• Fe --------gtFe 2 e -
• 2e- 1/2 O2 -----gt2 OH-
• 2e - 2H -----gtH2

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Causes of Corrosion

• Fundamental Risks in Steam and Condensate System

• Carbonic acid Behavior (corrosion)
• inside boiler
• 2(H CO3Na )-------gtNa2CO3 CO2 H20
• Na2 CO3 H2O -----gt 2 NaOH CO2
• in condansate system
• H20 CO2 --------gt H HCO3-

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• RESAT EGYPT
• WATER TREATMENT
• Website www.resategypt.com

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Surface Corrosion Sludge

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Corrosion in steam line

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Pitting corrosion
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Pitting Corrosion Inside Boiler

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High pH Caustic corrosion

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Scheme of a Boiler System
Cooling Water
Consumer
Condenser
Return Condensate
Steam
Make-up Water
De aeration
Feed water
Blow-down
Boiler feeding Pump
Filtration Unit
e.g. Reservoir Ion Exchanger, of Feed
water Reverse Osmosis Softeners
Steam Boiler

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Chemical Dosing
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Classification of Boiler Systems

• Low Pressure Boiler
• Operating pressure up to 68 bar
• High Pressure Boiler
• operating pressure above 68 bar

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• RESAT EGYPT
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RIZENER INDX
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O2 O2 C
8.11 25
7.53 30
7.04 35
6.59 40
6.10 45
5.57 50
5.20 55
4.76 60
4.30 65
3.70 70
3.40 75
2.89 80
2.20 85
1.63 90
0.80 95
0.1 100

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Corrosion Of Steel VS Boiler Water pH

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CORROSION PROTECTION

• ??? pH
• ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
• ????? ???????? ????????? ( ???????? ).
• ??? ??????? ?????? ( TDS )
• ???????? ??????????

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DEAERATOR
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FEED TANK
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Boiler Water Limits and Steam Purity( 1 )
(1) Approved by ASME (2) Changes according to TDS
of B.F.W. (3) Changes according to TDS of
B.F.W. (4) Determined depending on boiler water
treatment program (5) Silica is not included

• RESAT EGYPT
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scales
29

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Scale Problem (In Boiler )
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Scale After Treatment
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Suspended Solids
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???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????
?????? ?????????? Corrosion ?????????
Scale ??????? Foaming

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Lime Softening

• Mode of action
• Addition of lime milk Ca(OH)2
• Elemination of carbonate hardness and
  carbon dioxide
• Reactions
• Precipitation of Ca-hydrogen carbonate
• Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(OH)2 ? 2CaCO3 ? 2 H2O
• Neutralization of carbon dioxide CO2
• CO2 Ca(OH)2 ? CaCO3 ? H2O
• Disadvantage
• Disposal of calcium carbonate sludge

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Ion Exchange / Basics

• Mode of action
• Physical-chemical methods
• Up-take of specific ions to the ion exchanger
  resin
• Delivery of an equivalent amount of different
  equally charged ions
• Kinds of ion exchangers
• Cationic ion exchanger
• Anionic ion exchanger
• Mixed bed ion exchanger

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??????? ???????? ????? ???????
??? ??????? CITY WATER SOFTENED WATER DEIONIZER WATER
pH 7.5 7.6 6.0-7.5
Ca H ??? ????????? 90 0 0
M ALK ??????? ?????? 140 140 lt10
TDS ??????? ??????? 250 250 lt10
TEMP. ???? ????? 25 25 25
Corrosion Rate 3.2 MPY 30 MPY 60 MPY
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• Questions

My Regards Ayman Awny

• RESAT EGYPT
• WATER TREATMENT
• Website www.resategypt.com