Carbon Capture and Sequestration

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Carbon Capture and Sequestration
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Carbon Dioxide Emission 24 billion tons per year
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CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE

• Carbon capture and storage is mostly used to
  describe methods for removing CO2 emissions from
  large stationary sources, such as electricity
  generation and some industrial processes, and
  storing it away from the atmosphere.

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Carbon Capture Technology

• Post- combustion capture
• React the flue gas with chemicals that absorb CO2
  and then heat the chemicals to release CO2.
• NOTE
• Flue gas Mixture of nitrogen , water vapor and
  15 of Carbon dioxide
• .

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Carbon Capture Technology

• Oxy-fuel combustion
• Use pure oxygen to support the fossil fuel
  combustion. The flue gas is then mostly CO2 and
  water making it to separate easily.

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Carbon Capture Technology
Pre- combustion capture Remove carbon before
combustion. By gasifying the coal through the
reaction with more oxygen, it is possible to a
mix of mostly CO2 and hydrogen.
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Transportation

• Many point sources of captured CO2 would not be
  close to geological or oceanic storage
  facilities. In these cases, transportation would
  be required.
• The main form of transportation
• pipeline.
• Shipping

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Carbon Storage technology

• Geological storage
• Oceanic storage

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Geological storage
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Oceanic Storage

• Two storage mechanism has been proposed
• Dissolving CO2 at mid-depth.
• Injecting the CO2 at depths in excess of 3 km ,
  where it would form lakes of liquid CO2 . Bellow
  3 km liquid CO2 would be denser than sea water
  and would sink to the ocean floor.

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Monitoring

• Geochemical Monitoring
• Seismic Monitoring
• Non-Seismic Monitoring

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What might Carbon Capture and Storage look like?
The diagram is from a BP news release from the
abandoned Miller project, UK North Sea, which is
no longer available online.
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Carbon Storage Concerns

• CCS technologies actually require a lot of energy
  to implement and run
• transporting captured CO2 by truck or ship,
  require fuel.
• Creating a CCS-enabled power plant also requires
  a lot of money.
• What happens if the carbon dioxide leaks out
  underground? We can't really answer this
  question. Because the process is so new, we don't
  know its long-term effects. Slow leakage would
  lead to climate changing. Sudden catastrophic
  leakage is dangerous, and causes asphyxiation.
• The more CO2 an ocean surface absorbs, the more
  acidic it becomes, higher water acidity adversely
  affects marine life.

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FutureGen
FutureGen is a public-private partnership to
build a first-of-its-kind coal-fueled, near-zero
emissions power plant. It will use cutting-edge
technologies to generate electricity while
capturing and permanently storing carbon dioxide
deep beneath the earth. The plant will also
produce hydrogen and byproducts for possible use
by other
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Where are the proposed CCS projects?

• http//www.geos.ed.ac.uk/sccs/storage/storageSites
  .html
• More links
• http//network.carboncapturejournal.com/video/2018
  151Video4342
• http//www.futuregenalliance.org/about.stm