ENGLISH PROJECT

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ENGLISH PROJECT

• APARNA M KRISHNAN
• IX STD

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ADVENTURE
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ADVENTURE

• What is adventure?
• Adventure means bold undertaking or hazardous
  enterprise.
• Adventure adds zest and delight to our life.
• Everyone cannot be a born adventurer.
• An adventurer should have plenty of endurance,
  persistence will power.
• People avoid action often because they are afraid
  of the consequences, for action means risk
  danger.

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ROALD ENGELBREGT GRAVNING AMUNDSEN
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ROALD AMUNDSEN

• Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a
  Norvigian explorer of polar regions.
• He was the first person to reach both the North
  and South Poles.
• He led the first Antarctic expedition to the
  South Pole between 1910 and 1912.
• Amundsen was a key expedition leader during the
  Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.

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POLAR TREKS

• Belgian Antarctic Expedition 189799
• He was a member of the Belgian Antarctic
  Expedition (189799) as first mate.
• This expedition was led by Adrien de Gerlache,
  using the ship the Belgica, it became the first
  expedition to spend winter in Antarctica.
• The Belgica, whether by mistake or design,
  became locked in the sea ice at 7030'S off
  Alexander Land, west of the Antarctic Peninsula.

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• The crew then endured a winter for which the
  expedition was poorly prepared.
• By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the
  expedition, American Frederick Cook, probably
  saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals
  and feeding the crew fresh meat, an important
  lesson for Amundsen's future expeditions.
• Northwest passage
• In 1903, Amundsen led the first expedition to
  successfully traverse the Northwest Passage
  between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans with six
  others in a 47 ton steel seal hunting vessel,
  Gjøa.

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• Amundsen had the ship outfitted with a small, gas
  engine.
• They travelled via Baffin Bay, Lancaster and Peel
  Sounds, and James Ross and Rae Straits and spent
  two winters near King William Island in what is
  today Gjoa Haven, Nunavut, Canada.
• After a third winter trapped in the ice, Amundsen
  was able to navigate a passage into the Beaufort
  Sea after which he cleared into the Bering
  Strait, thus having successfully navigated the
  Northwest Passage.

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• It was at this time that Amundsen received news
  that Norway formally became independent of Sweden
  and had a new king.
• Amundsen sent the new King Haakon VII news that
  it "was a great achievement for Norway." He hoped
  to do more he said and signed it "Your loyal
  subject, Roald Amundsen.

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ENVIRONMENT
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ENVIRONMENT

• All physical, chemical, biological social
  factors which make up the surroundings of man are
  refered to as environment.
• Environment is our basic life support system. It
  provides the air we breathe, the water we drink,
  the food we eat and the land where we live.
• Every species remains depended on their
  environment.

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ENDANGERD SPECIES

• Rising human population, loss of natural habitat,
  poaching, hunting are some of the main reasons of
  extinction of animals.
• India is one of the most populous countries in
  the world and it was inevitable that man come
  into conflict with other animals for resources.
• A number of species are rated as Critically
  Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable as per the
  2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals,
  internationally recognised as the list that
  categories the status of globally threatened
  animal species.

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• The good news is that a number of organizations
  and individuals are constantly working towards
  the conservation of wildlife in India .
• SOME ENDANGERED ANIMALS
• Asian elephant
• Smaller than its African cousins the Asian
  Elephant is one of the few living species of
  elephants. These large (can go upto 5400 kg)
  gentle animals have been domesticated for
  centuries and are docile when well treated. The
  single most important cause of their decline is
  loss of habitat.

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• They have also been persecuted due to the crop
  damage they are perceived to cause. Poaching for
  ivory has not affected them as much as the
  African elephant, since, unlike African
  elephants, only the male of the species has
  tusks.

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• Chiru (Tibetan antelope)
• India is the only place outside of China where
  you
• will find the chiru, a shy, gazelle-like
  animal whose
• wool makes the softest, warmest, most
  expensive shawls in the world - shahtoosh .
• Found at elevations of 3250 - 5500 m (10,660 -
  18,000 ft), they are so rare that it is difficult
  to imagine they once roamed in herds of 15,000.
• It takes three to five chirus to make one shawl,
  and as long as shahtoosh shawls are a rage in
  international fashion, the outlook is bleak for
  their survival. India has banned the manufacture
  and sale of shahtoosh , but it might already be
  too late for this species.

  
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• Ganges River Dolphin
• One of the world's rarest mammals, the river
  dolphins of India 's sacred Ganges River (one of
  the five species of river dolphins in India )
  live in one of the world's most densely populated
  areas and since the consequent degradation of its
  habitat shows no signs of abating, it seems its
  numbers will continue to decline.
• Grey-brown in color, with a long beak, a stocky
  body, and large flippers, they prefer murky
  waters and are unsociable, unlike their marine
  cousins made popular by movies like "Freeing
  Willy".
• Their eyes lack a lens, and the species is
  sometimes referred to as being blind, although
  its eyes do seem to function as a
  direction-finding device.

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• They have declined due to pollution, accidental
• capture in fishing nets, and hunting for meat,
• oil and traditional medicine. Construction of
• numerous dams in the 1930s split their
  population
• into smaller groups, impeded migration and also
  had an impact..
• Bengal Tiger
• The largest of the cat family, this fabulous
  feline is India 's national animal, symbolic of
  her rich cornucopia of nature's marvels.
• One of 5 surviving subspecies of the tiger, the
  Royal Bengal requires dense vegetative cover, an
  adequate supply of large prey (about 50 deer-size
  animals are needed to feed one tiger for a year),
  and access to a reliable source of water.

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• Tigers are extremely adaptable and even adjust
• to some contact with humans, so long as
• their food supply is assured.
• Poaching (various parts of the tiger's body are
  used to make Oriental medicines), a declining
  prey base, and loss of habitat are the main
  threats to its continued survival.
• Launched in 1973-74, when the first ever all
  India tiger census revealed the existence of only
  1827 tigers (down from 40,000 at the turn of the
  century) Project Tiger - aimed at saving this
  magnificient species - is one of our most
  successful conservation ventures in recent times.
  Currently, the tiger population is estimated to
  be about 3000. 27 reserves are covered by Project
  Tiger.

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CHIPKO MOVEMENT

• The Chipko movement (literally "to stick" in
  Hindi) was a group of female peasants in the
  Uttarakhand region of India who acted to prevent
  the felling of trees and reclaim their
  traditional forest rights that were threatened by
  the contractor system of the state Forest
  Department.
• The movement began in Chamoli district in 1973
  and spread throughout the Uttarakhand Himalayas
  by the end of the decade.
• In Tehri district, Chipko activists would go on
  to protest limestone mining in the Dehradun hills
  in the 1980s as well as the Tehri dam, before
  founding the Beej Bachao Andolan or Save the
  Seeds movement that continues to the present day.

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• In Kumaon region, Chipko took on a more radical
  hue, combining with the general movement for a
  separate Uttarakhand state.
• One of Chipko's most salient features was the
  mass participation of women villagers.
• As the backbone of Uttarakhand's agrarian
  economy, women were most directly affected by
  environmental degradation and deforestation, and
  thus connected the issues most easily.
• How much this participation impacted or derived
  from the ideology of Chipko, has been fiercely
  debated in academic circles.

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• Despite this, both female and male activists did
  play pivotal roles in the movement including
  Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi, Chandi
  Prasad Bhatt, Sundarlal Bahuguna, Govind Singh
  Rawat, Dhoom Singh Negi, Shamsher Singh Bisht,
  and Vandana Shiva.

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MYSTERY
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MYSTERY

• Any thing that cannot be explained
  scientifically/ technically or by any norms is
  called a mystery.
• A major mystery that encountered nowadays is
  unidentified flying objects.
• The scientists all over the world are trying to
  find out the real cause of the UFOs.
• A salient features of unidentified flying objects
  is given below

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UFO Sighting Photographed in Baghdad

• A spectacular photograph of a UFO hovering over
  military activity in Baghdad .
• Photographs of this quality are rare among UFO
  photographs, but in this particular shot you can
  clearly see a disc shaped, metallic object. Upon
  closer inspection of the image, it appears that
  there has been no manipulation.
• The photo was taken by a US soldier during May of
  2006 along Route Jackson in southern Baghdad.
  Apparently at the time of taking the photo, he
  was completely unaware of the metallic, disc
  shaped object hovering above.

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• Dozens of witnesses reported a completely silent
  object with bright lights flying low and fast.
  This was not the beginning of the sightings,
  which go back to November 2007, and in a historic
  scale, back to the mid-1800s. Also, this was the
  beginning of a major UFO sighting event which
  reportedly has lasted into March 2008, albeit the
  sightings having "moved south-east ward.
• On February 16, 2008, two individuals reported
  seeing a large, pulsing orb of light hovering in
  place above Miramar Air Base.

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• UFO reported to have come from the coast inland
  near a village called Catalkoy in small and rapid
  zigzags, then stopped and hovered for
  approximately 30 seconds before making a smooth
  ascent at 45 degrees east. Many witnesses have
  reported such events to a local newspaper.
• Many people claimed to see a UFO near Eastern
  Metropolitan Bypass (Calcutta). Its was also
  recorded by an amateur video grapher. It was like
  a ball of light which some time hovered,
  sometimes moved very fast and changed shape and
  size. The video was broadcasted in local news
  channels.

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• In 2007 Ten to fifteen UFO's were spotted.
• A group of United Airlines employees, including
  pilots, claimed to have seen a mysterious,
  saucer-shaped, unlit craft hover over a Chicago
  O'Hare Airport terminal before shooting up
  through the clouds.
• An object was sighted traveling northeast during
  the night untilas describedburst a blue ring
  out and split in two. The first piece continued
  to fly northeast, while the second rocketed in
  the opposite direction, and disappeared from
  view.

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• An oval orb was observed hovering above a
  location in Kent. It then moved off in a westerly
  direction.
• An amateur cameraman with a digital camera
  captured astounding footage of a UFO passing
  behind and above several buildings. Air traffic
  was restricted that day except for two
  helicopters.

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CHILDREN
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CHILD LABOUR

• In India out of the total population of
  1,086,640,000 the child population is
  391,190,400.
• TOTAL CHILD LABOUR
• 14 of children between 5-14 years are involved
  in child labour.
• In 2001, the ILO estimated that 11.6 percent of
  children aged 10 to 14 years in India were
  working.

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• CHILDREN OUT OF SCHOOL
• In 2001, there were 20,549,000 out of school
  children in the primary school age group of
  6-10.
• MEET A CHILD
• 8 year old Hari works in a zari unit in Delhi.
  His work involves attaching beads and zari to
  clothes which are then sold at high prices in the
  markets. The beads are small and the work causes
  eye strain. But he is paid about Rs.10 a month,
  if at all.
• He works in a ill-lit small room with many more
  children like him.

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• All of them eat there and sleep there at nights.
• At summers the temperature is high and they
  often suffer from heat boils. They are not
  allowed to go out.
• If anybody tries to run away, he/she is beaten
  severely.
• CHILD SOLDIERS
• Armed groups were reported to have recruited
  children in Jammu and Kashmir and in localized
  conflicts in several other states.

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CHILDREN IN UNORGANISED SECTOR

• Children work under hazardous conditions in a
  number of sectors, such as fireworks, stone
  quarrying, match, making, silk weaving, lock
  making, brick manufacturing, and footwear and
  brassware production.
• Children are also found working as domestic
  servants and living on the streets.

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SPORTS GAMES
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SPORTS GAMES

• Sports games enrich our life.
• A healthy body is essential for a healthy mind
  and a healthy mind in turn derives energy from
  regular practice of sports games items.
• By keeping physical fitness through exercises
  results in longer life span.
• An idle mind is devils paradise and keeping mind
  in a proper form regular exercise is a must.

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JESSE OWENS

• BORN ON
• SEPTEMBER 12,1913
• DIED ON
• MARCH 31,1980

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JAMES CLEVELAND JESSE OWENS

• James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens was an African
  American track and field athlete.
• He participated in the 1936 Summer Olympics in
  Berlin, Germany, where he achieved international
  fame by winning four gold medals one each in the
  100 meters, the 200 meters, the long jump, and as
  part of the 4x100 meter relay team.

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• James Cleveland Owens was born in Lawrence
  County, Alabama, in the Oakville community, to
  Henry and Emma Owens.
• Owens was the grandson of a slave and the son of
  a sharecropper.
• Owens had taken different jobs in his spare
  time He delivered groceries, loaded freight cars
  and worked in a shoe repair shop. During this
  period Owens realized that he had a passion for
  running.

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• Throughout his life Owens attributed the success
  of his athletic career to the encouragement of
  Charles Riley, his junior-high track coach at
  Fairview Junior High, who had put him on the
  track team
• Owens first came to national attention when he
  was a student of East Technical High School in
  Cleveland he equaled the world record of 9.4
  seconds in the 100-yard (91 m) dash and
  long-jumped 24 feet 9 ½ inches (7.56 m) at the
  1933 National High School Championship in Chicago

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• Owens' greatest achievement came in a span of 45
  minutes on May 25, 1935 at the Big Ten meet in
  Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he set three world
  records and tied a fourth.
• He equaled the world record for the 100 yard (91
  m) sprint (9.4 seconds) and set world records in
  the long jump (26 feet 8¼ inches (8.13 m), a
  world record that would last 25 years), 220 yard
  (201 m) sprint (20.7 seconds), and the 220-yard
  (200 m) low hurdles (22.6 seconds to become the
  first person to break 23 seconds).

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• In 1936 Owens arrived in Berlin to compete for
  the United States in the Summer Olympics.
• Owens surprised many by winning four gold medals
  On August 3, 1936 he won the 100m sprint,
  defeating Ralph Metcalfe on August 4, the long
  jump (later crediting friendly and helpful advice
  from German competitor Luz Long) on August 5,
  the 200m sprint and, after he was added to the 4
  x 100 m relay team, his fourth on August 9 (a
  performance not equaled until Carl Lewis won gold
  medals in the same events at the 1984 Summer
  Olympics).

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THE END