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How to Solve Logic Games

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How to Solve Logic Games Mimi Opkins CECS 100 Review and Modify Review the clues to the puzzle to verify they lead to the correct solution. Make changes as needed. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: How to Solve Logic Games


1
How to Solve Logic Games
  • Mimi Opkins
  • CECS 100

2
Types of logic games
  • The types of logic games are numerous.
  • There are the logic puzzles that usually include
    a set of clues and you have to determine several
    certain things from the clues such as several
    people, the meal they ate and the job they did.
  • Other times, logic games come in the form of
    syllogisms and Sudoku.
  • Logic puzzles can be maddening.
  • The clues can be seemingly vague and even
    misleading, making the puzzle difficult.
  • A process for solving logic games can make all
    the difference

3
Syllogism
  • In logic, a form of deductive reasoning
    consisting of a major premise, a minor premise,
    and a conclusion.
  • Here is an example of a valid syllogism
  • Major premise All mammals are
    warm-blooded.Minor premise All black dogs are
    mammals.Conclusion Therefore, all black dogs
    are warm-blooded.

4
Sudoko

5
Sudoku
  • Sudoku puzzles are solved in much the same way,
    only you are using numbers to fill in the areas.
  • As you pencil in a number into an area, jot down
    the numbers that are left in the sequence for
    each row and column
  • That way, you can use deductive reasoning as you
    solve the puzzle.

6
Deductive reasoning
  • Deductive reasoning, also called deductive logic,
    is reasoning which constructs or evaluates
    deductive arguments.
  • Deductive reasoning is a method of gaining
    knowledge.
  • Deductive arguments are attempts to show that a
    conclusion necessarily follows from a set of
    premises or hypotheses.

7
Deductive reasoning
  • A deductive argument is valid if the conclusion
    does follow necessarily from the premises, i.e.,
    if the conclusion must be true provided that the
    premises are true.
  • A deductive argument is sound if it is valid and
    its premises are true.

8
Soduko
  • Some computer Sudoku games will give you your
    options for each cell.
  • This can be quite helpful.
  • The only drawback is that you pretty much have to
    keep in your mind what your options are for each
    cell.
  • It helps to have a pen and paper nearby so that
    you can make notes.

9
Stick with it
  • Sudoku puzzles force you to think on several
    different scales.
  • You have to consider the immediate square that
    contains all 9 numbers.
  • In addition, you have to consider each row that
    contains cells from each of the 3 squares across
    as well as each column that contains cells from
    each of the 3 rows down.
  • This can seem overwhelming, but if you make notes
    and keep the big picture in mind, you will be
    solving these fun logic puzzles like a pro in no
    time.

10
You Tube Videos
  • Soduko Tips for Beginners
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vJnEvt20S8c0
  • Soduko Tutorial
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?v38SrCEj9rscfeature
    related

11
Logic Problems
12
Logic Puzzles
  • Logic puzzles are a great way to keep your brain
    sharp.
  • They challenge you to solve a mystery using
    logical analysis, inference and your powers of
    deduction.
  • Since we don't all use these skills on a regular
    basis, logic puzzles can be frustrating to solve,
    especially if you're trying to keep it all
    straight in your head.
  • There are a couple of tricks to coming up with
    the right solution, including making a chart to
    keep track of the clues.

13
Read the puzzle
  • Read the puzzle through to get the gist of the
    problem you are trying to solve.
  • Logic problems tend to be multi-layered with
    complex clues, which can make it difficult to
    figure out exactly what part of the word problem
    needs to be solved.

14
Make a chart
  • If your logic puzzle does not offer a chart, you
    will probably want to make one.
  • Charts for logic games are usually helpful.
  • Name the columns and rows as the information that
    the puzzle wants you to find.
  • If you have five girls' names and the puzzle has
    each girl growing a different flower, then put
    the names in the column headings and the flower
    names in the row headings.

15
Read the clues
  • Read all of your clues of your logic game to get
    a feel for the puzzle.
  • Keep your mind tuned to any direct information
    that the clues provide.
  • If a clue says that Deborah grew pansies, you
    want to note that tidbit in your chart.
  • However, first scan the introduction and the
    clues to see what the logic puzzle is asking and
    how the clues will play out.

16
Eliminate your options
  • Go back over your logic puzzle introduction and
    clues, placing an X in the box that indicated a
    connection.
  • Deborah and pansies would have an X in the box
    that corresponds to those two boxes.
  • In each of the remaining boxes--those in the
    Deborah column and the pansy row--place a 0.
  • This will help you keep your information straight
    so that you don't accidentally give Deborah a
    pansy and a rose, or give a pansy to one of the
    other girls in your puzzle.
  • You will also see that it will narrow your
    choices for certain areas.
  • You may find that you actually eliminate options
    as you use the 0's to fill in voided spaces.
  • When you have a row or column with all 0's and
    one blank space, you know an X belongs there.

17
Analyze each clue
  • Your obvious clues will only go so far, then you
    will have to use a little critical thinking to
    complete the puzzle.
  • Analyze each clue to discern how it fits into the
    puzzle and where you can put the information to
    solve it.
  • If a clue says "Katie is taller that John who is
    shorter than Sue" you know that John is the
    shortest.
  • Take it one clue at a time.
  • Read and reread through the clues, filling in
    your chart.

18
Stick with it
  • With logic puzzles, you often have to really
    think through your clues.
  • Make notes, use your chart and really think the
    puzzle through.
  • You will probably have to read your clues
    multiple times before the logic game is actually
    solved.
  • Work between your clues and your chart, deducting
    information as you go and applying what you learn
    from the clues to the puzzle.
  • Just slow down and think it through until your
    logic puzzle is solved.

19
Making a chart
  • Make a chart or grid to help you visualize the
    problem you are solving.
  • Such charts are known as "cross-hatch grids" or
    "ABC grids" and have all the pertinent elements
    (names, characteristics, etc.) lined up in rows
    with intersecting boxes.
  • As you are making the chart, make sure to read
    each clue slowly to make sure you've included all
    the information and not missed any.

20
Re-read the clues
  • Re-read the clues to get a sense of the
    syntactical structure of the sentences.
  • Often, what isn't said is just as important as
    what is said.
  • Take, for example, a logic problem that involves
    a number of people and asks you to determine
    where they all sit in the room.
  • A clue that tells you that Mr. X does not sit
    with Mr. Y because Mr. X doesn't like Mr. Y's
    friends not only helps you determine that Mr. X
    and Mr. Y don't sit together, but also helps to
    alert you to clues that mention the names of Mr.
    Y's friends because Mr. X won't sit with them
    either.

21
Logic chart
22
Solve by elimination
  • As you read each clue, cross out the boxes that
    don't fit.
  • For instance, a sentence that tells you Mr. Y
    sits in the first seat allows you to determine he
    doesn't sit in Seats B or C.

23
Adding to the chart
24
Solve by inclusion
  • Once you've determined that Mr. X sits in Seat A,
    then you can eliminate that possibility for any
    other person in the problem.
  • As you can see, this really narrows down the
    options and helps you work toward a solution.

25
Adding to the chart
26
You Tube Videos
  • How the Grid Works
  • http//www.logic-puzzles.org/help1.php
  • How to Solve a Puzzle
  • http//www.logic-puzzles.org/help2.php

27
Create logic puzzles
28
Types of Logic Puzzles
  • Logic problems can be divided into three types
    mathematical deduction, spatial acuity and
    lateral thinking.
  • Mathematical deduction logic puzzles are the most
    basic and can be used to teach logical deduction
    methods.
  • Visual logic or spatial acuity puzzles will
    require props to help visualize and solve the
    puzzle.
  • Lateral thinking puzzles require creativity to
    solve the puzzle.
  • Creating a mathematical logic puzzle requires
    working backward from the solution to create the
    clues for the puzzle and is the simplest logic
    puzzle to create.

29
Logic Grid
  • Draw a logic grid by drawing five horizontal
    lines and five vertical lines that cross over
    each other to form a grid of boxes 5-by-5.
  • Leave enough space to write in the names of the
    variables next to the horizontal and vertical
    axis.

30
Variables and Categories
  • Choose 10 variables divided into two categories
    to use in the logic puzzle.
  • These may be names, colors, animals, locations or
    any other variable desired.
  • Write the first five variables next to the
    horizontal rows and the second five variables
    next to the vertical columns.
  • For example, the names Alice, Betty, Cathy, Dawn
    and Ellie would be written on the horizontal rows
    while the names ant, butterfly, cat, dog,
    elephant are written on the vertical columns.

31
Create the answer
  • Create the answer to the puzzle by matching each
    of the variables on the horizontal axis with one
    of the variables on the vertical axis. Do not
    duplicate the matches.
  • As an example
  • Alice -- elephant
  • Betty -- dog
  • Cathy -- cat
  • Dawn --butterfly
  • Ellie -- ant

32
Write the clues
  • Write the clues for the puzzle so the user will
    need to use logic to determine the correct
    answer.
  • Clues can be created as a story, a series of
    true/false statements or a combination of both.
    The following example uses both
  • Five friends went the pet store to choose a new
    pet to bring home. The friends' names are Alice,
    Betty, Cathy, Dawn and Ellie. Each girl chose one
    of the following for a pet ant, butterfly, cat,
    dog, or elephant. Use the following clues to
    determine which girl chose which pet.

33
  • 1. Alice already has a dog.
  • 2. Betty is afraid of elephants.
  • 3. Cathy chose an animal that starts with the
    same letter as her name
  • 4. Dawn loves insects
  • 5. Ellie is allergic to fur.
  • 6. Dawn didn't choose the ant
  • 7. Ellie chose an animal that doesn't start with
    the same letter as her name

34
Review and Modify
  • Review the clues to the puzzle to verify they
    lead to the correct solution.
  • Make changes as needed.
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