Solenoid Valves

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SolenoidValves

• Blake Hunsaker
• ECE 5320
• Mechatronics
• Assignment 1

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Outline

• Definition
• Introduction
• Selecting a Solenoid Valve
• Valve Types
• Direct-Lift
• Pilot-Operated
• Proportioning Valve
• Ratings for Solenoid Valves
• Valve Porting Options
• Final Considerations in Valve Selection
• References
• To Explore Further

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Definition

• A valve is a mechanical device for controlling
  the flow of a fluid or a substance.
• A solenoid is a coil of wire that becomes
  magnetized when electricity is run through it.

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Introduction

• Solenoid valves use electricity to open and close
  an orifice in the valve body, allowing or
  preventing the flow of a given medium.
• This type of valve is opened and closed by a
  plunger that is raised and lowered by the
  energizing and de-energizing of a solenoid.
• A solenoid valve uses a solenoid to actuate a
  valve. This lets you control the flow of water,
  air, or other substances with electricity.

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Magnetic effect of electric energy
The possibility to convert electric energy in
magnetic field energy is found in solenoid valves.
http//www.eduvinet.de/servitec/elekeep3.htm
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Selecting a Solenoid Valve(Slide A)

• Valve type (two-, three- or four-way)
• Voltage
• Pressure
• Medium handled
• Materials (stainless steel, brass, plastic or
  other material)
• Port size fluid connection
• De-energized position (normally open or closed,
  ect.)
• Ambient conditions
• Approval(s) required (UL, CSA, FM, CENELEC)

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Selecting a Solenoid Valve(Slide B)

• Coil/connection type
• Current draw limitations
• Duty cycle (continuous or intermittent)
• Electrical enclosure type
• Life expectancy (minimum expected cycles per
  year)
• Maximum and minimum operating pressure
  differentials
• Orifice diameter
• Allowable internal leakage
• Ratings (NEMA 4, 7, 9, etc.)

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Valve Types

• Popular types of on/off solenoid valves
• Direct-Lift
• Pilot-Operated
• Proportioning Valve

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Direct-Lift

• A direct-lift solenoid valve has a plunger that
  opens or closes the valve.
• Direct-lift solenoid valves usually have low flow
  rates and high differential pressure drops.
• They normally have a quicker response than
  pilot-operated valves.

http//www.omega.com/techref/techprinc.html
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Pilot-Operated

• Pilot-operated solenoid valves use the fluid's
  own pressure for actuation.
• The valves are either piston or diaphragm types
  and usually require a differential pressure to
  keep the valve closed.
• Because they do not have a plunger,
  pilot-operated solenoid valves are normally
  available in larger orifice sizes than
  direct-lift valves.
• Pilot-operated solenoid valves have quick
  response time and low cost.

http//www.omega.com/techref/techprinc.html
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Proportioning Valve

• Proportioning valves allow complete and
  continuous fluid control.
• An analog signal is sent to the valve for a full
  range of valve positions.

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Ratings for Solenoid Valves

• General service (for working with common fluids).
• Cryogenic fluids (for fluids such as liquid
  oxygen, liquid argon and liquid nitrogen).
• Vacuum (for working in and maintaining vacuum
  conditions).
• Oxygen service (designed to provide
  contamination-free flow of oxygen).

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Valve Porting Options

• Two-way Valves
• Three-way Valves
• Four-way Valves
• Five-way Valves
• Knife Gate Valves
• Abrasive Service Valves

• Bonnetless
• Bonneted
• Extended Flange Design
• Square Port
• Rectangular Port
• Thru Port

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Final Considerations in Valve Selection

• Valve response time
• Control fidelity
• Material
• Size
• Temperature/pressure ranges
• The signal is, for on/off valves, 120VAC, 12VDC
  or 24VDC
• For a proportioning valve, either a 010 V signal
  or a 4-20mA signal is used.

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References

• www.omega.com
• www.eduvinet.de/servitec/elekeep3.htm
• www.chemicalprocessing.com
• www.theoldbuzzard.com

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To Explore Further

• www.solenoid-valves.net
• www.globalspec.com

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THE END

• Thank You