ONLINE self-study

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ONLINE self-study

• Lead in Construction Standard
• OSHA 29 CFR 1926.62

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Lead in Construction Standard

• This training will cover the following topics
• Health hazards of lead
• How employees are exposed to lead
• How to control lead exposure
• Respiratory protection
• Medical monitoring
• Medical removal
• OSHA Lead standards

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Lead in Construction Standard
This standard applies to all construction work
where an employee may be occupationally exposed
to any amount of lead. Construction work is
defined as work for construction, alteration
and/or repair. Construction work also includes
painting and decorating.
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Lead in Construction Standard
Construction work that disturbs lead-containing
materials includes but is not limited
to Demolition and salvage Removal or
encapsulation New construction or
renovation Transportation, disposal,
storage Maintenance activities
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Lead in Construction Standard

• The goal of the OSHA Lead in Construction
• Standard is to prevent employee inhalation
• and ingestion of harmful amounts of lead.

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Health Hazards of Lead
Lead is hazardous to your health if too much of
it gets into your body. Heres what it can
cause Headaches, tiredness and insomnia Loss
of appetite and stomach pain Pain, weakness or
twitching in your muscles Reproductive and
birth defects Kidney damage Permanent brain and
nerve damage
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Health Hazards of Lead

• Effects on Reproduction

Lead is especially harmful to the fetus in a
pregnant woman.
Lead is also harmful to men and women trying to
have children.
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Health Hazards of Lead

• Effects of Lead on Children

Children are very susceptible to the effects of
lead. The amount that can harm them is much less
than adults. It is important not to take any
lead dust home on your clothing.
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How Can Lead Get in Your Body?
You can get lead into your body by
Inhaling lead dust or lead spray paint,
Inhaling lead fumes from welding or burning lead
paint,
Swallowing lead dust on your hands while eating,
drinking or smoking.
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Some Jobs at UNC-CH Where You Could be Exposed to
Lead
Removing lead-containing paint on old academic
buildings or houses, Grinding or sandblasting
lead paint on metal structures, Cutting or
removing lead pipe in old buildings, Using solder
that contains lead.
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Lead Paint on Bridges
Bridge work frequently results in lead over
exposure since most bridges are covered with lead
paint.
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Health Hazards of Lead

• Is There a Safe Amount of Lead?

There is a level that cannot be legally exceeded.
This is called the permissible exposure limit
or PEL.
In the air no more than 50 micrograms of lead
per cubic meter (µg/m3).
In your blood no more than 40 micrograms of lead
per deciliter (µg/dL).
Both of these limits are in the OSHA regulations
on lead.
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Health Hazards of Lead
Lead Action Level
When the amount of lead in the air is above the
action level of 30 micrograms per cubic meter
(µg/m3), employers are required to
- Conduct air monitoring - Provide medical
surveillance - Provide training
The Action Level is 60 of the permissible
exposure limit (PEL)
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Health Hazards of Lead
Understanding Units of Measurement

• A microgram (µg) is one millionth of a gram.
• Imagine dividing a penny into two million pieces.
  
• The weight of one piece equals a µg.
• Grind up 30 pieces and release the dust inside a
  box approximately 3 by 3 by 3 box. This amount
  of dust equals the Action Level of 30 µg/m3.

3 ft
3 ft
3 ft
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Health Hazards of Lead

• Understanding Units of Measurement

A gram is about one packet of sugar. A microgram
(µg) is one millionth of a gram. A cup of coffee
is approximately one deciliter (dL). So 40
micrograms in one deciliter of blood is also a
very, very small amount one granule of sugar in
the cup of coffee, as an approximate comparison.
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Exposure Assessment
Air Monitoring

• Employers must assume over exposure for employees
  until air monitoring results prove otherwise.
• Employee exposure is determined by performing
  personal air monitoring.
• Employee exposure is determined as if the
  employee were not using a respirator.
• Employers must provide basic protective measures
  for employees during initial air monitoring.

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Exposure Assessment
Air Monitoring
Enivronment Health and Safety (EHS) conducts
monitoring of lead in the air by attaching an air
sampling device to employees working around
lead. Employees have the right to observe this
monitoring. Contact EHS (962-5507) to determine
if air monitoring is required prior to performing
activities that disturb lead.
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Exposure Assessment
Air Monitoring

• EHS conducts inspections prior to air monitoring
  to determine the lead concentration of the
  material that will be disturbed.
• The lead concentration is typically measured in
  milligrams per square centimeter (mg/cm2) by an
  instrument that uses XRF (x-ray fluorescence).

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Exposure Assessment
Air Monitoring

• Employers may rely on previous air monitoring
  results performed in the past 12 months if such
  sampling was conducted during work activities
  essentially similar to present exposure
  conditions such as
• Type of material (i.e., concrete, drywall,
  plaster)
• Lead concentration in material
• Task (i.e., wet scraping of paint or demolition)
• Environmental conditions (i.e., indoor or
  outdoor)

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Exposure Assessment
Air Monitoring Example

• Assume EHS conducted air monitoring on 12/21/2008
  during the repainting of Room 100 in Beard Hall.
• The paint in the room contained 0.8 mg/cm2 of
  lead.
• The Paint Shop removed loose paint on the drywall
  by wet scraping.
• The air monitoring results indicated that there
  was no lead present in the air during the paint
  removal.

Beard Hall
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Exposure Assessment
Air Monitoring Example 1

• Now assume on 07/23/2009 repainting was conducted
  in Davie Hall, Room 200. The repainting involved
  wet scraping of painted drywall.
• The paint in the room contained 0.5 mg/cm2 of
  lead.
• The air monitoring results from Beard Hall can be
  applied to Davie Hall because the results were
  collected within the last 12 months and the
  exposure conditions are similar (i.e., indoor,
  wet scraping of painted drywall, and lead
  concentration less than 0.8 mg/cm2).

Davie Hall
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Exposure Assessment
Air Monitoring Example 2

• Now assume on 07/23/2009 repainting was conducted
  in Caldwell Hall, Room 110. The repainting
  involved wet scraping of painted drywall.
• The paint in the room contained 1.0 mg/cm2 of
  lead.
• Air monitoring is required for this scenario. The
  air monitoring results from Beard Hall were
  collected within the last 12 months and the
  exposure conditions are similar (i.e., indoor and
  wet scraping of painted drywall). However, the
  lead concentration for this project exceeded the
  0.8 mg/cm2 detected in Room 200 of Beard Hall.

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Exposure Assessment
Air Monitoring Example 3

• Now assume on 09/23/2009 repainting was conducted
  on the exterior of the Naval Armory. The
  repainting involved wet scraping of painted wood.
• The exterior paint contained 0.5 mg/cm2 of lead.
  
• Air monitoring is required for this scenario. The
  air monitoring results from Beard Hall were
  collected within the last 12 months and the lead
  concentration does not exceed 0.8 mg/cm2.
  However, the work activities for this project are
  different (i.e., outdoor and wet scraping of
  painted wood).

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Frequency of Exposure Assessments

• If the monitored exposure is less than the Action
  Level, no further assessment is needed for
  similar exposure conditions within the next 12
  months.
• If the monitored exposure is between the Action
  Level and PEL, then monitoring shall be done at
  least every six months for similar exposure
  conditions.
• If the monitored exposure exceeds the PEL, then
  monitoring shall be done quarterly for similar
  exposure conditions.

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Exposure Assessment
Employee Notification

• Within 5 days after EHS receives the monitoring
  results from laboratory analysis, EHS shall
  notify each monitored employee in writing of the
  results which represent that employees airborne
  lead exposure.

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Exposure Assessment
Protection of Employees

• Employers must provide the following protective
  measures for employees during air monitoring
• Appropriate personal protective equipment
• Appropriate respiratory protection
• Change areas with separate storage facilities
  for work and street clothes.
• Hand washing facilities
• Training

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• What Personal Protective Equipment is Needed?

Coveralls
work shoes
gloves
respirator
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Types of Respirators for Lead
In some jobs involving lead exposure, you may
need a respirator. The type of respirator worn
depends on the amount of lead in the air. UNC-CH
will provide you with the proper respirator and
provide medical evaluations, fit-testing, and
additional training.
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Respirator Requirements
The type of respirator that must be used depends
on the level of lead in the air
A half-face cartridge respirators provide
protection to levels 10 times above the
permissible limit for lead.
A powered air purifying respirator (PAPR)can
provide protection from 25 to 1000 times above
the permissible limit depending on the
manufacturer and how it is designed.
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Respirator Requirements
Below are examples of respirators required for
various activities
A half-face air purifying respirator
Manual demolition Manual scraping Manual
sanding General clean up
A full-face air purifying respirator
Lead burning (torch melting of lead) Rivet
busting Power tool use without dust collection
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Respirator Requirements
A supplied air respirator
Abrasive blasting Welding, cutting, or torch
burning on metal structures where paint or lead
coatings are present
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Using Respirators
Respirators must be worn at all times during
initial monitoring and when the amount of lead in
the air is above the PEL. Respirators must fit
properly to prevent leaks. Employees must have a
respirator medical evaluation and training before
wearing a respirator. Of all PPE worn, employees
should remove respirators last before leaving the
work area.
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Respirators Must Fit Properly
Employees must have a respirator fit-test before
using them. Employees cant have a beard when
wearing a tight-fitting respirator. Employees
who are required to wear a respirator must
receive training on how to use the respirator.
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Work Practices to Reduce Lead Exposure
There are several ways you can reduce your lead
exposure Always wear your respirator in the
areas where it is required Dont eat, drink or
smoke in the area where there is lead and When
you take a break, wash your hands before eating,
drinking or smoking.
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• More Work Practices to Reduce Lead Exposure

Dont remove dust by blowing down or shaking out
your clothing.
Take a shower or wash your hands and face at the
end of the shift when required.
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• What Are Some Other Work Practices?

Dont dry sweep or blow down dust containing lead.
Use a high-efficiency (HEPA) vacuum to clean up
lead dust.
Use water when grinding, sanding or cutting
objects containing lead.
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Other Methods of Controlling Lead Dust

• Natural or exhaust ventilation with HEPA
  filtration can reduce lead levels in buildings or
  confined areas.

or
Negative air machine
Some grinders and sanders have exhaust ports
where ventilation can be attached.
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Work Practices for Exterior Paint Removal

• Cover the ground under the work area with
  polyethylene sheeting.
• Attach the edge of polyethylene sheeting to the
  building.
• Extend the polyethylene sheeting ten feet beyond
  the perimeter of the working surfaces or as far
  as space permits.

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Work Practices for Exterior Paint Removal

• Mist the work surfaces and use a putty knife or
  scraper to remove all loose paint.
• Maintain good housekeeping duties throughout the
  work by removing debris and paint chips at
  frequent intervals, and placing in waste drums.
• Limit access through the work area by using a
  caution tape barricade to help control traffic.

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Work Practices for Exterior Paint Removal

• All windows and doors within 20 feet of the work
  area must be closed. If they cannot be closed,
  seal with protective sheeting during work.
• If an entrance must be used that is closer than
  20 feet, place a shroud above and on the sides of
  the entrance.

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Work Practices for Interior Paint Removal

• Move furnishings and equipment away from area of
  work.
• Place polyethylene sheeting over fixed-in-place
  equipment or furnishings.
• Place polyethylene sheeting on the floor under
  area of work extending five feet.
• Mist the work surfaces and use a putty knife or
  scraper to remove all loose paint.

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Work Practices for Interior Paint Removal

• Maintain good housekeeping duties throughout the
  work by removing debris and paint chips at
  frequent intervals, and placing in waste drums.
• Limit access through the work area by using a
  caution tape barricade to help control traffic.

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Work Practices for Interior Paint Removal

• Perform one of the following actions to avoid
  tracking dust off of the protective sheeting
• Wear non-skid shoe covers and remove them
• Wipe both top and bottom of shoes with a damp
  paper towel or
• Remove shoes.

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Cleanup After Paint Removal

• After completing the interior or exterior work,
  remove polyethylene sheeting contaminated with
  lead paint chips and place it in a 55-gallon drum
  provided by EHS.
• Plastic sheeting should be rolled inward and
  placed in waste drum.
• Waste generated during deteriorated lead paint
  work may be regulated as hazardous waste. Contact
  EHS Environmental Affairs (962-5507) for waste
  determination.

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• What Medical Monitoring is Needed?

Anyone who is exposed to airborne lead dust above
the action level must be provided blood
tests. If the amount of lead in your blood is
more than 40 µg/dL, EHS will send you for a
medical exam at the University Employee
Occupational Health Clinic. Blood tests will be
routinely done if you are exposed to lead above
the action level for 30 or more days per year.
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More About Routine Blood Sampling
After the first blood sample is taken, we must
take 3 more blood samples for the next 6 months
every two months. After that, we must take blood
samples once every 6 months. If the level in
your blood exceeds 40 µg/dL, we must continue to
take blood samples every two months until it
drops below 40 µg/dL . Blood samples are taken
at no cost to you and you will be notified of the
results.
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More About Medical Exams
If the amount of lead in your blood exceeds 40
µg/dL, you will be provided with a complete
medical exam by a doctor, annually. You can
request an exam or review of the findings by a
second doctor. Employers do not see the entire
medical exam report, only the blood lead level
results and whether or not you have a medical
condition that precludes you from working around
lead or wearing a respirator.
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• Medical Removal for Lead Exposure

If the amount of lead in your blood is above 50
µg/dL, you will be temporarily removed from the
lead job. You cant return to that job until
your blood level drops below 40 µg/dL . Your
blood must be tested monthly until the lead level
drops below 40 µg/dL.
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• Blood Lead Levels Summary

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Medical Removal
Why is Medical Removal Required?
If high blood lead levels are found, medical
removal is required because of the serious health
effects of lead. Your body will gradually rid
itself of lead over time. You do not lose any
earnings or benefits and you can return to former
job status when blood lead levels drop.
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• What is Lead Chelation?

Chelation is the taking of certain drugs that
help rid the body of lead. It is a form of
treatment for high lead levels in the body. It is
not allowed on a routine basis due to health
effects associated with chelation. Only a doctor
can authorize and supervise lead chelation.
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• Medical and Air Monitoring Records

Employees are welcome to see any of their medical
records related to lead. Employees are
encouraged to review the results of air sampling
for lead.
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Methods of Compliance

• For work activities where exposures are
  determined through air monitoring to exceed the
  PEL (50 µg/m3), employers shall provide the
  following protective measures
• Appropriate engineering controls (ventilation)
• Appropriate personal protective equipment
• Appropriate respiratory protection
• Change areas with separate storage facilities
  for work and street clothes
• Hand washing facilities

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Methods of Compliance
If provided non-disposable work clothing, use
separate work and street clothing.
Keep street clothing in a clean place.
Employees must not wear work clothing or boots
containing lead dust home.
Use provided uniform service for laundering
non-disposable work clothing containing lead dust.
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Warning Signs
Warning signs are posted at the entrance to any
area where the levels of lead exceed the
PEL. No one can enter these areas without a
respirator and protective clothing.
Warning Lead Work Area Poison No Smoking or
Eating
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Other Concerns not Addressed by OSHA 1926.62

• For work conducted within or near occupied
  buildings, employees shall protect occupants by
  the following methods
• Construct barriers separating the work area
  from occupied areas
• Seal shared air intakes and exhaust vents and
• Implement dust control methods.

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Other Concerns not Addressed by OSHA 1926.62

• Employees must comply with Hazardous and
  Universal Waste Issues during projects that
  produce lead-containing waste.
• Collect all paint chips as hazardous waste.
• Contact EHS Environmental Affairs (962-5507) for
  storage containers.
• Contact EHS Environmental Affairs (962-5507) for
  hazardous waste determination for whole component
  debris prior to work activities. Allow two weeks
  for laboratory analysis.

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Summary

• Supervisors and employees involved in activities
  that disturb lead-containing materials must
  comply with OSHA 1926.62!
• Notify EHS prior to beginning activity in order
  for EHS to conduct a lead inspection and to
  determine if air monitoring is required.
• Use the appropriate PPE and dust control methods
  during activities.
• Protect building occupants when working within or
  near occupied buildings.

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• EHS would like to acknowledge the Washington
  State Department of Labor Industries for
  providing portions of the training content.