Title: VLSI Simulator
1???? ???
VLSI ???? ???
2Contents
- Introduction to IC
- ????? (MOS)
- IC ?? ??
- ???? Fourier ??
- ??
3Introductionto IC
- ????(IC)??
- IC Integrated Circuit? ??
- ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?
- ???, ???, ??? ??, ???
- ???? ??, ???? IC ??/?????
- ??? ???? ???!
- ???? ????
- ????? ??? ? ?? ?????
4IC? ?? ?????? ??
- 1900?? ???? ??? ??
- - large, expensive, power-hungry, unreliable
- 1947? ????? ??
- ?? Bell Lab? John Bardeen, Walter Brattain
- ????? types
- Bipolar ??
- MOS ???, ? ??
- ? VLSI? ??
5MOS ????? ???
- MOS ????? ????? ???? ???
- gate ??? ??? source? drain ?? ??? ??? on ?? off
-
6IC?? NMOS ? PMOS ? ??? ??
??
????? ??
????
7????? ??? ?? IC ??
- SSI (Small Scale IC) 1100 ?
- MSI (Medium Scale IC) 1001000 ?
- LSI (Large Scale IC) 100010? ?
- VLSI (Very Large Scale IC) 10?100? ?
- ULSI (Ultra Large Scale IC) 100? 10? ?
- GSI (Giga Scale IC) 10? ? ??
- RLSI (Ridiculously Large Scale IC) Next to GSI
8IC ??? ?(1)
- Intel 4004 Micro-Processor
- 1971
- 2,300 transistors
- 92.6KHz
- PMOS
- 3 mm X 4 mm
- 15V DC
9IC ??? ?(2)
- Pentium IV
- 42 million transistors
- 0.18 micron
- 1.5 GHz
10Transistor Counts
- Moores Law ????? ???? 1.5??? ? ?? ??
1000
2X growth in 1.5 years!
100
10
P6
Transistors (MT)
Pentium proc
486
1
386
286
0.1
8086
8085
0.01
8080
8008
4004
Year
0.001
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
11Frequency (Speed)
12Wafer
- ?? Wafer??
- ???, ??, ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???
- ???? Wafers? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?
- Wafer? ???? IC?? ??
- ? ?? Wafer? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? IC?? ???? ??
13Dies per Wafer
- ??? Die? Size? ???? ????? Dies Per Wafer? ???
??????? ???? ?
A Die
14Analog / Digital
- Analog
- ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ???
- Digital
- ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? (? 0 or 1 ?? ?? ?
??)
15Analog/Digital IC
- Analog IC
- Analog ??? ??
- ???? ?,?? ???
- ??, ????
- ??? ??
- Digital IC
- ?????? ??
- ????, ??? ?? ??? ??
- IC??? ?? ??? ???? ??
- ??? ????, ???, ??? ??
- Analog IC? ??? ?? ?? ??
16IC ????(1)
17IC ??? ??
18IC ????(2)
- IC ?? ??(??)
- - ?? ??, ?? ? ??? ??
- ??????
- - ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????
- ???? ?? (C ? executable program ??)
- ????????
- - ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????
- ?? ??
- - HDL(Hardware Description Language) ??
19IC ????(3)
- ???????
- - ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??
- - ????? HDL ? ??? ????? CAD ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?
- - ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??
- - ? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???
- ????? ?? ??
- ??????
- - ? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??(placement)?? ??(routing)
- - ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ??? ? ???
- ? ????? ??? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??
- - ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ????
- ?? ????????
- - ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??
20IC ????(4)
- TR?? Gate Level? Design? ??? ???? Place Route
(Layout) - Analog Auto Layout ???
- Digital Auto Layout? ????? ?? ??, ????, ?? ??
?? ??? ?? ?? ?? Layout?? ?? ???? ? - Layout? ??? ???? ?? ??
- ? ????? ??? ??
21Hardware Description Language (HDL) (1)
- A language used to describe a digital system
- Two major HDLs
- Verilog IEEE standard in 1995 (C-like)
- VHDL IEEE standard in 1987 (Ada-like)
- Advantages
- ??? ???? ??
- IEEE ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ASIC
??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??
22Hardware Description Language (HDL) (2)
- Advantages
- ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? (switches, gates, RTL,
behavioral) - Functional verification ??
- ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? debug ??
- Verilog originated in 1983 at Gateway Design
Automation, now a part of Cadence Design Systems
23HDL ?? ? MAXplusII ??
24MAXplusII ?? ??
25? ??
? ?? ???
? ?? ??
26Text editor ??
27CPLD? device ??
28??? ??
29??? ??, ?? ??
30Waveform ??
31Waveform ??? node ????
32Waveform ??? ??node ?? box
33Waveform editor? signal ?? ? ??
34Simulator? ??
35????? ??
36???? ??
37???? ?? ??
38Verilog? ??? ?? ??
- Verilog HDL? ?? ?? module(??? ??)? ??
- Module ??
- Module ?? ??
- ??? ?? ?? (????)
- Module ?? ?? ??
module and_2
?? ??
?? ??
?? ??
39?? ?? ??
module ?? ??(????)
????
register ?? wire ?? parameter ??
???? ?? primitive operator assign?
function? always? ?? ?? ?? ?
endmodule
40?? Half Adder
module H_ADD (X, Y, C, S) //??? ??, ???? ??
?? ?? input X, Y // ????
output C, S // ???? and U1 (C, X, Y)
// X, Y? AND?? C? ?? xor U2 (S, X, Y)
// X, Y? XOR?? S? ?? endmodule
// ?? ?, ????? ?? ?? ??
module H_ADD (X, Y, C, S) input X,
Y output C, S assign C X
Y // X, Y? AND?? C? ?? assign S X Y
// X, Y? XOR?? S? ?? endmodule
41Layout? ?
- ?? ??? Metal??
- ??? Metal ??? ??
- ??? Wire? ??, ?? TR? Size? ??? Metal? ?? ??
- Crosstalk ? ??? ??? ? ??? Layout??? ?
42??? IC (ASIC)
- ASIC
- - Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- - ??? ??? ??? ????
- - Full custom, semi custom ??? ??
43Full Custom ??
- Full Custom Design
- ?? ????
- ??? ??
- ????? ???
- ???? ??
- ? Analog ASIC? ?? Full Custom? ??
44Semi Custom ??
- Semi Custom Design
- ?? ??? ?? ? ?????? ???? ??
- Placement Routing ? ?? ?? ???? ??
- Full Custom Design? ?? ???? ??
- Full Custom Design?? ?? ???
- ? Digital ASIC? ?? Semi Custom? ??
45ASIC ??? ? FFT(2005?? ?????? ??? ??)
- ?? ??? Chip? ?? (Packaging ?)
- ?? ????? ??
- 0.35 um ??
- VDD 3.3 V
- Area 12? Cells
- ?? ??? 50MHz
- I/O Pin 208?
46VLSI ????
- VLSI ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??
- ????, ?????? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??
- ????? ??? ???? Fourier Transform
47Fourier ??? ?? ??? signal? ?? signal ?? ???? ??
Ex 1? ????? ? abc7 ? a-bc5
? a-b-c1
?? 2a2c12 ? ac6 ?? 2a8 ? a4 ? c2 ?
4-b25 ? b1
Ex 1? ?????
? abc3 ? a-bc1 ? a-b-c-1
?? 2a2c4 ? ac2 ?? 2a2 ?
a1?c1 ? 1-b11 ? b1
48?? ???? ?? ??
???? signal
49??? 4? basis??? 4? ????? ??
50Orthogonality? ??? ?? ??(1)
51ex)
Orthogonality? ??? ?? ??(2)
52Periodic DT signal
? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ???
?? ?? ? ??.
Why?
53???? ???? ??? ??? ??!
54??? ?? ??? ?????
??
55Fourier series (1)
Basis? N?? ????? N ?? basis? ???? ??
56Fourier series (2)
??????? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?
DTFS
synthesis equation
analysis equation
57Fourier series example
58Fourier series ?? ??
59Fourier ??
- - Orthogonality ???? ?? ??
- - ??? ??? ??? ??(??? ??? ??) ??
- ???? Fourier series
- ????? Fourier transform
- ????? ??
- Discrete time Fourier transform? ?? ?? FFT
60??? ??
- ??? ??? ??, ???, ??, ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????
?? - ?? ?????? 20042010??? 6.4? ??? ???? ??? ???
????, 2010??? ???? 3180? ??? ?? ??? ?? - ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? 2004?? ???? 25.7 ??? 1024?
?? ??? ???, 2010??? 1666? ??? ?? ??? ?? - ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? 80 ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? D??
??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??
61??
- ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??
- ??????? ??? ??, ??????, ???, ???, ???? ???? ???
????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????
??????(SOCSystem-On-a-Chip)??? ???? ?? - ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???
??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??