Natural Vegetation

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Natural Vegetation

• Sara Jones, Mariam Soliman and Emily Kocsis

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Table of Contents

• What is Natural Vegetation
• Mixed Forest- the Maritimes
• Mixed Forest- P.E.I
• Mixed Forest- Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
• Boreal and Taiga Forests
• Boreal and Taiga Forests- Newfoundland
• The Tundra
• Bibliography

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What is Natural Vegetation

• Natural Vegetation are plants that would grow in
  an area in the absence of human influence
• Different types of natural vegetation grow in
  different climates and soil conditions
• Atlantic Canada has three different vegetation
  regions Tundra Boreal and Taiga forests Mixed
  Forests

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Mixed Forest- the Maritimes

• The Maritimes provinces of Prince Edward Island,
  Nova Scotia and New Brunswicks vegetation region
  is Mixed Forest
• South of boreal forest contains coniferous and
  deciduous trees like Spruce, Cedar, Pine, Oak,
  Hemlock and birch.
• Excellent Resource for lumbering industry
• Mixed Forests are transition zones between
  Deciduous forests and Boreal forests
• Soils in mixed forest regions serve well for
  farming because of the different kinds of leaves
  creating humus, and a grey-brown topsoil, rich in
  minerals
• Precipitation is high in this region and is
  appropriate for both deciduous and coniferous
  trees

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Mixed Forest- P.E.I

• P.E.I gently rolling lowland, but in the middle
  of the province is a small hilly section
• Squares of small wooded areas, patches of yellow
  grain and fields of potatoes blanket the island
• Heavy logging in 1800s resulted in loss of
  P.E.Is thick forests, but woodlands of maples,
  spruces and white birches thrive once again
• Provincial Tree- Northern Red Oak
• Wildflowers bloom from May through October

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Mixed Forest- Nova Scotia and New Brunswick

• Nova Scotia
• About 1.5 of the 5 million Christmas trees sold
  North America are cut in Nova Scotia
• Provincial tree- Red Spruce
• Provincial flower- mayflower
• New Brunswick
• Thick forests, western half of the province is
  the Appalachian upland, where there are thick
  forests
• Spruce, Fir, Pine, Maple and Poplar cover the
  upland
• Trees cover 90 of the province and is an
  important natural resource

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Boreal and Taiga Forests

• Largest vegetation region in Canada and is south
  of the Tundra separated by the tree line
• Coniferous trees are found in the Boreal and
  taiga forests and not the Tundra because there is
  a longer growing season and greater precipitation
• Coniferous trees are never bare, although they
  lose some needles
• Since they do not lose many needles, the humus is
  shallow and the topsoil is a grey colour and
  acidic because of the needles
• Leeching occurs in Boreal and Taiga Forests
• White and black spruce, balsam fir, and pine grow
  in forest because they do not require long
  growing seasons and can overcome the cold
  temperatures
• The northern area of the forests is known as
  Taiga forests, while more southern areas of the
  forest are known as Boreal forests

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Boreal and Taiga Forests- Newfoundland

• Newfoundland
• Over half of Newfoundland and Labrador are
  covered with trees
• Spruce, and fir are most abundant, while birch is
  common as well
• Forests of spruce and balsam, fir and birch cover
  40 of the island of Newfoundland, and 20 of
  Labrador
• Newfoundland and Labrador experience long harsh
  winters, and trees in the region rarely grow
  thick or tall

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The Tundra

• Tundra is the most northerly vegetation region
• Northern Labrador is Tundra
• Tundra is located above the tree line meaning
  that there are no trees grown in the tundra
  because the climate lacks much precipitation and
  the climate is too cold
• The majority of the tundra has permafrost
• Shrubs, mosses and lichens grow during the short
  growing season

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Bibliography

• Campbell, Kumari. "New Brunswick." Minneapolis,
  Minnesota Lerner Publications Company, 1996.
• Campbell, Kumari. "Prince Edward
  Island.Minneapolis, Minnesota Lerner
  Publications Company, 1996.
• Clarke, Bruce, Wallace, John K. Making
  Connections. Scarborough, Ontario Prentice Hall
  Ginn Ontario, 1999.
• Jackson, Lawrence. "Newfoundland
  Labrador.Minneapolis, Minnesota Lerner
  Publications Company, 1995.