Presentation on WAP Keerti Sharma August 2002 Agenda What

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Presentation on WAP

• Keerti Sharma
• August 2002

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Agenda

• What is WAP ?
• Limitations of Internet for wireless applications
• WAP Architecture / protocol stack
• WAP Components / WML
• WAP brings Internet to hand-held devices
• Conclusion

• WAP

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What is WAP ?

• WAP The Wireless Application Protocol
• Makes it possible to access the Internet via
  wireless devices such as mobile phones, PDAs etc.
  
• Set of rules governing transmission/reception of
  data by wireless devices (e.g. mobile phones)

• set of rules

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Limitations of Internet for
Wireless Applications

• Traditional Internet applications cannot run on
  mobile devices because of the following
  limitations
• Low bandwidth network
• High Latency network
• Limited connection stability
• Small display size
• Limited input facility
• Limited memory
• Limited processing power

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Limitations of Internet (contd)

• Low bandwidth
• Size of an HTML page, including graphics 20 KB
• Download time (56Kbps modem) 3 s
• Bandwidth of wireless network 9.6Kbps
• Download time for data on one page 17 s
• High latency
• At the expiry of retransmission timer value, the
  TCP layer resends the packet of data
• An average latency in a wireless network is
  around ½ s but can be as high as 10s
• This can cause a lot of retransmission causing
  severe congestion

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Limitations of Internet (contd)

• Limited connection stability
• Small display size
• Limited input facility
• Limited memory
• Limited processing power

• the WAP forum

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WAP Architecture/Protocol Stack
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WAP Architecture (contd)

• .

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WAP Architecture (contd)

• .

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WAP Architecture (contd)

• WAE - holds the tools that wireless Internet
  content developers use.
• WSP - determines whether a session between the
  device and the network will be connection-oriented
  or connectionless.
• WTP - acts like a traffic cop, keeping the data
  flowing in a logical and smooth manner. It also
  determines how to classify each transaction
  request
• Reliable two way (WTP/C)
• Reliable one way (WTP/T)
• Unreliable one way (WTP/D)
• WTLS - provides many of the same security
  features found in the Transport Layer Security
  (TLS) part of TCP/IP.
• WDP - makes it easy to adapt the transport layer
  to a variety of bearers because all that needs to
  change is the information maintained at this
  level.

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WAP Architecture (contd)

• .

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WAP Architecture (contd)

• In a real WAP solution, the main components
  include
• WAP Device
• Bearer
• WAP Gateway
• Content
• Content Server

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WAP Components (contd)

• WAP Gateway
• Encoder converts WML to binarized WML
• Adaptor provides additional information through
  HTTP header
• Translate HTTP requests to WSP.
• Convert between SSL and WTLS
• Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP)

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WAP Components (contd)

• WML (Wireless Markup Language)
• An XML-based markup language that describes how
  WAP content is presented on a wireless terminal
• Differs from HTML in the following
• WML was specifically designed for wireless
  terminals with a target screen that is only a few
  lines long and about an inch wide.
• WML is case sensitive, and all tags and
  attributes should be in lowercase.
• Unlike HTML, WML is unforgiving of incorrectly
  nested tags.
• WML doesn't assume that a keyboard or a mouse is
  available for user input.
• Based on these differences, WML provides a
  smaller, telephony-aware set of tags that make it
  more appropriate than HTML for handheld wireless
  terminals.

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WAP Components (contd)

• WML Contd
• Card metaphor
• User interactions are split into cards
• Navigation occurs between cards
• Explicit inter-card navigation model
• Hyperlinks
• History
• State management and variables
• Reduce network traffic
• Results in better caching

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Example of WML

• .

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A Deck of Cards
ltWMLgt ltCARDgt ltDO TYPE"ACCEPT"
LABEL"Next"gt ltGO URL"card2"/gt
lt/DOgt Acme Inc.ltBR/gtDirectory
lt/CARDgt ltCARD NAME"card2"gt ltDO
TYPE"ACCEPT"gt ltGO
URL"?sendtype"/gt lt/DOgt
Services ltSELECT KEY"type"gt
ltOPTION VALUE"em"gtEmaillt/OPTIONgt
ltOPTION VALUE"ph"gtPhonelt/OPTIONgt
ltOPTION VALUE"fx"gtFaxlt/OPTIONgt
lt/SELECTgt lt/CARDgt lt/WMLgt

• .

Acme Inc. Directory _____________ Next
Services 1gtEmail 2 Phone ____________ OK
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WAP brings Internet to Hand- held Devices

• WAP handles limited bandwidth
• Minimizes traffic over wireless interface
• WSP layer, too, is binary encoded
• WTP is not only designed to minimize amount of
  data but also number of transactions
• WAP handles high latency
• WAE uses scripting to avoid round trip delays,
  e.g. by validating user input locally
• WTAI environment introduces a repository to hold
  services that should be started in response to an
  event in mobile network, e.g. incoming call.

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WAP brings (contd)

• WAP handles less stable connections
• The sessions supported by WSP are assumed to be
  long-lived.
• WTP layer has been kept very simple compared to
  TCP
• WTP supports selective retransmission of data
• WAP handles small displays
• WML structures its documents in Decks Cards
• When an application is executed, user navigates
  through a series of cards

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WAP brings (contd)

• WAP handles limited input facilities
• The WML elements can be easily be implemented
  without much input required from the key-board
• Deck Cards model requires minimal navigation
  between pages
• Soft buttons or user-definable keys are also
  supported by WML
• WAP handles limited memory and CPU
• Defining a light weight protocol stack
• Limited functionality provided by WML WMLScript
• Binary encoding of WML WMLScript

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Conclusion

• WAP provides a microbrowser optimized for
  wireless devices 
• Requires minimal RAM, ROM, Display, CPU and keys
• WAP Offers Bearer Independence 
• Allows Applications developed once to work across
  all networks
• Protects the Carriers investment in wireless
  data as networks evolve
• Enables Mobile Device Manufacturers to use
   common code across products
• WAP Offers Device Independence 
• Allows applications developed once to work across
  devices from small handsets to powerful PDAs
• Promotes consistent user experience across all of
  a carriers handset offerings
• Encourages a wealth of applications for handset
  manufacturers

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Some WAP applications

• Location-based services
• Real-time traffic reporting
• Event/restaurant recommendation
• Highly customized ads
• Instant messaging-type buddy location
• Enterprise solutions
• Email access
• Database access
• A global intranet
• Information updates pushed to WAP devices

• Financial services
• Banking
• Bill-paying
• Stock trading
• Funds transfers
• Travel services
• Schedules and rescheduling
• Reservations 

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Some known WAP Services

• 123Jump (http//www.123jump.com)
• A selection of stock data news, all via
  WAP
• Ajaxo (http//www.ajaxo.com)
• A WAP service for wireless stock trading
  from any WAP enabled device
• 2PL WorldWide Hotel Guide (http//wap.2pl.com)
• A hotel guide, accessible in multiple
  languages via WAP enabled device
• Traffic Maps (http//www.webraska.com)
• A French service that monitors and shows
  latest traffic news via maps

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WAP demo

• http//www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_demo.asp

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Next presentation will cover

• WAP 2.0
• Integrating JAVA with WAP
• Push Technology in WAP
• Using WAP with Bluetooth

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References 1.

• http//www.wapforum.org
• http//www.mobileinfo.com/WAP/components.htm
• http//wap.sonyericsson.com/
• http//www.nokia.com/phones/9110/app.html
• http//www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wap/
• http//www.wapaka.com/wapaka/default.asp
• http//www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/
  2001_04/files/2001043.pdf
• http//www.btob.barnesandnoble.com/offers/wapgap.a
  sp?btobY
• http//www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_pages.asp

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References 2.

• Professional WAP
• WAP A Beginners Guide by Dale Bulbrook
• Wireless Crash Course by Bedell
• Cracking the Code WAP, Bluetooth 3G
  Programming
• WAP Integration by Vujosevic Laberge
• WAP 2.0 Development by Tull