Title: Diplomacy
1Diplomacy The Great War
- An overview of U.S. Leaders and policies leading
up to World War I
2Diplomacy During the Roosevelt Presidency
- There is anadage which runs, Speak softly and
carry a big stick you will go far. If the
American nation will speak softly and yet build
and keep at a pitch of the highest training a
thoroughly efficient navy, the Monroe Doctrine
will go far.
3Big Stick Diplomacy
- Use of military force to influence political
events in other countries - Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine-U.S. can
intervene
sooner or later, we must keep order ourselves
4So Long, Teddy, Hello Big Guy
- Roosevelt decides not to run again
- Hand picks William Howard Taft to succeed him as
Republican nominee - Had been Governor of the Philippines
- Shared some of T.R.s beliefs about breaking up
trusts, but support business - Thought U.S. investment abroad would help Latin
America gain stability.
5Dollar Diplomacy
- Substituting dollars for bullets
- To protect loans given to countries, U.S. would
operate their Customs Houses - Reflects Tafts pro-business views
6theres a happenins transpirin
- Roosevelt had gone to Africa for big-game hunting
- Comes back, thinks Taft is a softie on political
reforms - Forms a new partyThe Bull Moose Party, also
known as the Progressives - In a three-way race, he finishes secondahead of
Taft, but behind
7Woodrow Wilson
- Democratic former Governor of New Jersey and
former president/professor at Princeton - Son of a Ministerstrong Christian upbringing
- Ticks off T.R. by trying to make a treaty
awarding Colombia damages for the loss of the
Panama Canal Zone. - Sponsors a new kind of diplomacy
8Moral Diplomacy
"The force of America is the force of Moral
Discipline"
- Main goals of Moral Diplomacy
- Spread Democracy
- Promote Human Rights
- Promote Peace
- Condemn Colonialism
- How he wants to do it
- Third-party arbitration of conflicts
- Cease-fire agreements during negotiation
"we will prove ourselves thier friends... upon
terms of equality and honor"
9The Great War
10Some background
- In 1870s, Germany is unified as one nation,
becomes a major industrial and military power - In 1888, 29-year-old Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser of
Germany after fathers death - In 1905, Russia loses Russo-Japanese Warcauses a
lot of unrest in Russia
111914
- Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the
Austria-Hungary throne, assassinated in Sarajevo - Germany declares war on Russia, France, invades
neutral Belgium - Great Britain declares war on Germany
- First trenches are dug
121915
- Germany begins Zeppelin air raids of Britain
- Germany declares submarine blockade of Great
Britain - Germans use first chemical weapons in the Second
Battle of Ypres. - HMS Lusitania sunk124 Americans killed
- Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary
131916
- Battle of Verdun
- Draw
- 1 million casualties
- Battle of Jutland,
- Only major naval engagement of the war
- No clear winner
- Battle of the Somme
- Allied breakthrough
- 1 million casualties
- In U.S., Woodrow Wilson re-elected
141917
- Germany declares unrestricted submarine warfare
- Brits release Zimmerman Note
- Tsarist government falls in Russia
- April 6United States declares war on Germany
- In December, new Russian government signs
armistice with Germany
151918
- U.S. troops had begun to arrive in June, 1917
- British and U.S. navies combine forces, form
convoys to counter U-boats - Help to stop German advances, heavy casualties to
the 270,000 U.S. troops - By end of summer, over 1 million Americans in
Europe
16The End of the War to End All Wars
- Americans help France lead last offensive
- Cut off German communication and supply lines
- By early November, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, and
the Ottoman Empire sign armistice - Germany signs at 1100, 11/11/1918
- 5 million allied troops, 3 million Germans,
116,000 Americans killed, with over 200,000
wounded or missing
17Woodrow sets sail for Paris
- Wilson had outlined his 14 points as a plan for
world peace - Instrumental in the Treaty of Versailles
- Part of the treaty is to form the League of
Nations to help resolve international conflicts
18The Fourteen Points
- Open Covenants
- Freedom of Navigation
- Trade Equalityremoval of economic barriers
- Lower armaments
- Reduce colonial claims
- Russian autonomy
- Restoration of Belgium
- France gets back Alsace-Lorraine
- Readjust Italys borders
- Austro-Hungarian autonomy
- Independence for the Balkan states
- Free Turkey, open Dardanelles for passage
- Independent Poland
- A general association of nations
19Wilson the Hero
- June 28,1919Treaty of Versailles signed by the
German delegates and the Allies - Incredibly popular in Europe during the peace
talks - Visions for a new world order widely accepted by
the general public
20Or is he?
- He thought the punishments were too harsh, but
goes along to save the treaty - Fails to convince U.S. Senate to ratify the
treaty - United States fails to join the League of Nations
- Once again isolates itself from much of the world
21The End of Woodrow
- While fighting for the treaty, collapses from
exhaustion in Colorado - Days later, he has a stroke, and is left half
paralyzed--must communicate through his wife - Dies in 1924, bitter about his failure to get
U.S. to join his crowning achievement
I am proud to remember that I had the honor of
being the commander in chief of the most ideal
army that was ever thrown together