Title: Landscape Design
1Landscape Design
2Landscaping Careers
3What is Landscaping?
- Landscaping is a profession that includes
designing, installing, and maintaining the
outdoor human environment. - There are 3 branches of the landscaping industry
- Landscape Architecture
- Landscape Contractors
- Landscape Maintenance
4Landscape Architects
- Licensed professions
- Conceptualize and plan the outdoor environment or
landscape for residential and commercial clients. - Landscape designers usually do actual drawings
for residential landscapes.
5Landscape Contractors
- Carry out the installation or actual construction
of the landscape plan - Often use subcontractors to do special work such
as pools, electrical work, stonework, etc.
6Landscape Maintenance
- Extended care of existing landscapes
- The care and upkeep of the landscape after
installation
7Design-build Firms
- Landscape businesses that handle everything from
the initial contact with the client through
design and construction as well as long-term care
and maintenance.
8Landscape Nursery Worker
- Professional who sells and installs landscape
plants and related materials.
9Types of Landscape Plans
10Types of Landscape Plans
- There are three types of plans used in
landscaping - Sequential
- Computer Assisted
- Graphics
11Landscape Plans
12Sequential Plans
- Each part of the plan is increasingly more
specific and detailed. - Includes
- Functional diagrams
- Preliminary designs
- Final Plans
13Sequential Plans-Functional Diagrams
- Begin the arrangement of the clients program on
the site. - Called bubble diagrams because they use loosely
drawn freeform shapes to represent areas or
spaces - Help the designer make decisions concerning
layout and sizes and the use of each area.
14Sequential Plans-Preliminary Designs
- Break the bubbles to show first draft vision of
how each landscape area will be shaped. - Landscape is given its form, type of materials to
be used, and application of landscape design
principles. - Simple without real details, but the horizontal
and vertical relationships between objects and
areas are now included. - A number of these may be shown before final plans
are made.
15Sequential Plans-Final Plans
- Use suggestions and reactions of the client to
make a master drawing that is graphically
detailed and specific in its intent for the
landscape. - Include identified plants, paving patterns, and
other specific information. - Can also include construction drawings for the
landscape contractor or subcontractor - Graphics are designed to impress
16Computer Assisted
- Also called drawing board
- CAD (Computer Aided Design) systems are
accelerated drafting systems, designed to draw
landscape plans using a personal computer.
17Graphics
- Consists of letters and numbers
- Free-hand lettering
- Mechanical lettering
- Computer lettering
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18Landscape Principles and Procedures
19Principles of Design
- Balance
- Focalization of Interest
- Simplicity
- Rhythm and Line
- Proportion
- Unity
20Balance
- Materials are distributed evenly on opposite
sides of a central axis - Three types of balance
- Symmetric
- Asymmetric
- Proximal/distal
- Macro-range-the viewer sees the landscape from
the most distant vantage point - Closer range-the views from other locations not
as distant
21Symmetric Balance
- One side is a reflective mirror image of the
opposite side - Most formal type of balance
22Asymmetric Balance
- Each side has as much interest as the other
- Not a duplicate of the other side
23Proximal/Distal Balance
- Balances right and left as well as near and far
24Focalization of Interest
- Selects and positions visually strong items in
the landscape composition to create focal points - Draws the eye of the viewer to one major feature
in each use area - Example corner planting
25Simplicity
- Seeks to make viewers comfortable within the
landscape - Excludes any unnecessary changes in shape, color,
direction, etc.
26Rhythm and Line
- Repeating something at a standard interval or
pattern creates rhythm - Lines establish the shape and form of the
landscape - Replicating strong existing lines such as the
lines of a house or a pool - Functions of line plantings include foundation
plantings, block a view, frame a view, and
provide privacy.
27Proportion
- The size relationships between all the features
of the landscape including vertical, horizontal,
and spatial relationships
28Proportion
- Will maintain proper proportional relationships
in a landscape between - Buildings and people
- Buildings and plants
- Plants and people
- Plants and plants
- Masses and soils
29Unity
- All the separate parts contribute to the creation
of the total design - Ties together individual parts of each area by
- Repeating prominent colors
- Repeating construction materials
- Continuing interior design themes to outdoor
rooms - Repeat plant species
- Raise patios, decks, and porches to door level
30Landscape Processes
- Process is a sequence of steps to reach a goal
- There are three parts to the landscape process
- Project development
- Project maintenance
- Design
31Project Development Process
- Includes determining need or objective
- Design process
- Accepting the design
- Contracting and subcontracting
- Landscaping
- Acceptance
- Billing and payment
32Project Maintenance Process
- Determining need or desire
- Selecting landscape maintenance company which
assesses the needs and presents a proposal - If the proposal is accepted, the company
schedules and does the work - Customer is billed
33Design Process
- Site analysis and program analysis
34Interior Landscaping
35Interior Landscaping
- Called interior plantscaping or interiorscaping
36Purposes of Interior Landscaping
- Add color
- Add textures
- Add softness
- Add life
- Increase employee productivity
- Decrease employee absenteeism
- Add oxygen
- Provide herbs for cooking, medicine, or fragrance
- Add beauty and comfort by combining all of the
previously mentioned purposes
37Benefits of Interior Landscaping
- Adds color, texture, softness, life and oxygen to
interior plantscape - Increases employee productivity
- Decreases employee absences from work
- Provides herbs for cooking, fragrance, or medicine
38Disadvantages of Interior Landscaping
- Reduced light
- Reduced root system
- Dependant upon people for watering
- Build-up of soluble salts from fertilizer
- Plugging stomata from dust on leaves
- Damage from heating, air conditioning, and
cleaning chemicals
39Disadvantages of Interior Landscaping
- Growing medium
- Only plants that will grow inside can be used
- Picking or breaking leaves by people using the
interior building area
40Benefits of Exterior Landscaping
- Adds color, texture, and life
- Adds aesthetic value (beauty)
- Adds economic value to property
- Adds comfort (shade)
- Adds privacyborders, fences, etc.
- Helps prevent erosion
- Can use larger exterior plants
- Rain natural soil provide most of required water
- Gets natural light
41Disadvantages of Exterior Landscaping
- May get too much rain and drown
- Natural soils may have diseases, insects,
improper pH, etc. - Natural soils may be shallow or rocky
- Natural outdoor soils may be subject to erosion
- Weed and insect control is more difficult
- Large areas of landscaping costs more
- More labor is required to establish outdoor
landscape
42Methods of Planting Ornamental Plants
43Planting Ornamental Plants
- Tools vary depending upon type and size of plants
from bulb planter, trowel, spade, shovel to power
augers and front end loaders.
44Planting Ornamental Plants
- Hole should be larger than plant roots and soil
prepared so that new roots will grow in it. - Methods of installation are determined by root
form whether bare-rooted, balled-and-burlapped or
containerized
45Balled and Burlapped Plants
- Balled and burlapped plants have a round soil
ball of roots wrapped in burlap fabric. - Planted in flat-bottomed, straight-sided hole
that is deeper and wider than the ball. - Backfill soil should fill the hole enough to
raise the plant to the level at which it grew in
the nursery. - Loose burlap around top of plant.
- Mounded ring of soil around plant to catch water.
46Balled and Burlapped Plants
47Containerized Plants
- Use the same type hold, mounded ring, etc. as
balled and burlapped. - In addition, the plant must be removed from the
container - Roots should be unwound or cut at two inch
intervals if pot-bound
48Bare-rooted Plants
- Have to have a mound or dome in the bottom of the
hole to spread roots and direct roots to grow
downward.
49Planting Ornamental Plants
- Tall plants, even small trees, need to be staked
to prevent blowing over. - Mulching should be done to help retain water,
prevent weeds, improve appearance, and minimize
temperature fluctuations. - Water adequately and frequently enough for
healthy plants.
50Handling Ornamental Plants
- Balled and burlapped plants should be handled by
the root ball - Container grown plants should be handled by the
container until removed and then by the root mass