Laboratory Safety Training

1
LaboratorySafety Training
A. R. Smith Department of Chemistry

• What You Need To Know

2
Making The Pieces Fit
CAS
IARC
HMIS
EPA
OSHA
NTP
NIOSH
NFPA
PEL
CFR
PPE
ERP
MSDS
CHP
RTK
RoC
ANSI
3
Regulatory Agencies Standards
U of Louisville
4
Key Compliance Issues
UNC EHS Manual
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Training Topics

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Emergency Response Plan
• MSDSs
• Labels Inventory
• Location of First Aid Accident Reports
• Fire Extinguisher Training Flammable Hazards
• Hazardous Waste Procedures
• Chemistry Stockroom
• Safety Contact Information

• Location of the Laboratory Safety Standard
• Chemical Hygiene Plan
• Engineering Controls
• Health Safety Hazards
• Pre-Purchase Review of Products
• Detection of Release or Presence of Hazardous
  Chemicals

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The Laboratory Safety Standard
1

• OSHA Standard
• 29 CFR 1910.1450

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OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1450
1
Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories (The Laboratory Safety
Standard) 1910.1450(f)(3)(i) The contents of
this standard and its appendices which shall be
made available to employees
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The Chemical Hygiene Plan
2
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The Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
2
1910.1450(e)

• Should be capable of protecting employees from
  health hazards associated with hazardous
  chemicals in the laboratory
• Should be readily available to employees

10
Standard Operating Procedures SOPs
1910.1450(e)(3)(i)
2
Standard operating procedures relevant to safety
and health considerations to be followed when
laboratory work involves the use of hazardous
chemicals
 
 
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Standard Operating Procedures SOPs
1910.1450(e)(3)(i)
2

• GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING SOP's
• Three methods that can be used to write SOP's
• By Process (distillation, synthesis,
  chromatography, etc.)
• By Individual Hazardous Chemical (arsenic,
  benzene, hydrochloric acid, etc.)
• By Hazardous Chemical Class (flammable,
  corrosive, oxidizer, etc.)

Michigan State University SOP
 
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Engineering Controls
3
Hoods, Showers Eyewashes
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Fume Hoods
3
1910.1450(e)(3)(iii)

• A requirement that fume hoods and other
  protective equipment are functioning properly and
  specific measures that shall be taken to ensure
  proper and adequate performance of such
  equipment

14
Fume Hoods
3
1910.1450(e)(3)(iii)

• Each employee should be completely familiar with
  the proper use and operation of the fume hood in
  their lab
• Information on this subject may be located in the
  ACS Publication provided in the departmental CHP.
• Additional information may be found online at the
  links provided in section 3 of the Detailed
  Information

15
Fume Hoods
3
1910.1450(e)(3)(iii)

• Fume Hoods should be tested for flow rate at
  least annually
• Arrangements should be made as soon as possible
  to have the hoods in your lab tested
• The test results should be posted in a
  conspicuous place on the hood

16
Showers Eyewashes
3
29 CFR 1910.1450 Appendix A, D.

• Maintenance. Eye wash fountains should be
  inspected at intervals of not less than 3 months
  (6). Respirators for routine use should be
  inspected periodically by the laboratory
  supervisor (169). Other safety equipment should
  be inspected regularly. (e.g., every 3-6 months)
  (6, 24, 171).

The routine inspections of showers mentioned in
Appendix A of Section 1910.1450 is not a
mandatory requirement for which OSHA would
normally issue a citation.
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Showers Eyewashes
3
ANSI Z358.1
However

• Because shower testing is specifically mentioned
  in the University CHP, we are obligated to test
  them
• Testing is also mandated by ANSI Devices must
  also be inspected annually to assure compliance
  with ANSI Z358.1 maintenance and testing
  requirements.

ASU Safety Office
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Health Safety Hazards
4
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Health Safety Hazards
4
1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)

• Provisions for additional employee protection
  for work with particularly hazardous substances.
  These include "select carcinogens," reproductive
  toxins and substances which have a high degree of
  acute toxicity. Specific consideration shall be
  given to the following provisions which shall be
  included where appropriate

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Health Safety Hazards
4

• 1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)(A)
• Establishment of a designated area
• 1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)(B)
• Use of containment devices such as fume hoods or
  glove boxes
• 1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)(C)
• Procedures for safe removal of contaminated
  waste and
• 1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)(D)
• Decontamination procedures.

21
Carcinogens
4
Health Safety Hazards
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H S Hazards
4
Carcinogens
1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)

• IARC - International Agency for Research on
  Cancer
• Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of
  Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
• NTP - National Toxicology Program
• 10th Report on Carcinogens (RoC)
• ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental
  Industrial Hygienists
• OSHA Regulated Carcinogens

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H S Hazards
4
Carcinogens
1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)
IARC

• Group 1 The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to
  humans.
• Group 2A The agent (mixture) is probably
  carcinogenic to humans.
• Group 2B The agent (mixture) is possibly
  carcinogenic to humans.
• Group 3 The agent (mixture, or exposure
  circumstance) is not classifiable as to
  carcinogenicity in humans.
• Group 4 The agent (mixture, exposure
  circumstance) is probably not carcinogenic to
  humans.

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H S Hazards
Carcinogens
4
1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)
NTP 10th RoC

• Group 1 "Known Carcinogen" (Sufficient
  information from human studies to indicate causal
  relationship)
• Group 2 "Reasonably Anticipated" (Limited
  evidence of carcinogenicity in humans or
  sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in
  experimental animals)

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H S Hazards
4
Carcinogens
1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)
ACGIH

• A1 confirmed human carcinogen
• A2 suspected human carcinogen
• A3 animal carcinogen
• A4 not classifiable as a human carcinogen
• A5 not suspected as a human carcinogen

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Select Carcinogens
4
1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)
H S Hazards

• Select carcinogen means any substance which meets
  one of the following criteria
• It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen
• It is listed under the category, "known to be
  carcinogens," in the latest NTP RoC
• It is listed under Group 1 ("carcinogenic to
  humans") by IARC
• It is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC or
  under the category, "reasonably anticipated to be
  carcinogens" by NTP

27
H S Hazards Initial Monitoring
4
1910.1450(d)(1)

• Initial monitoring. The employer shall measure
  the employee's exposure to any substance
  regulated by a standard which requires monitoring
  if there is reason to believe that exposure
  levels for that substance routinely exceed the
  action level (or in the absence of an action
  level, the PEL).
• NOTE NC PELs supersede the Federal ones

28
H S Hazards Initial Monitoring
4
1910.1003 - 1052

• The university has a list of 11 chemicals that
  require initial monitoring before use.
• These are only a few of the chemicals that OSHA
  requires initial monitoring on.
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory carcinogen
  list

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H S Hazards Other
4
1910.1450(e)(3)(viii)
Other Materials are Considered by OSHA to be
Physical Hazards

• Physical hazard means a chemical for which
  there is scientifically valid evidence that it is
  a combustible liquid, a compressed gas,
  explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an
  oxidizer pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or
  water-reactive.

30
Time-Sensitive Chemicals
4
Health Safety Hazards
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H S Hazards Time-Sensitive Chemicals
4

• Peroxide formers
• Peroxide formers that can undergo hazardous
  polymerization
• Materials that become shock or friction sensitive
  upon the evaporation of a stabilizer
• Materials that generate significant additional
  hazards by undergoing slow chemical reactions

DOE
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4
H S Hazards Time-Sensitive Chemicals
Berkeley Peroxide Storage
 
 
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Pre-Purchase Review of Products
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Before Ordering
5

• Determine the least amount of material that will
  suffice, and order that amount - even if the
  initial cost is higher
• Determine if a less hazardous material would
  could be substituted
• Determine if a colleague already has the material
  in house, and will share

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Detection of Release or Presence of Hazardous
Chemicals
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1910.1450(f)(4)(i)(A)
6

• Methods and observations that may be used to
  detect the presence or release of a hazardous
  chemical (such as monitoring conducted by the
  employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual
  appearance or odor of hazardous chemicals when
  being released, etc.)

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Spills 1910.1450(f)(4)(i)(A)
6

• Considered Major or Minor by university
• A Major spill, would be considered one that you
  could not contain by yourself
• Keep a spill kit in the laboratory. The organic
  labs have chemical specific kits
• There is more information at

Chemical Spills
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Personal Protective Equipment
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PPE
7
1910.1450(f)(4)(i)(C)

• The measures employees can take to protect
  themselves from these hazards, including specific
  procedures the employer has implemented to
  protect employees from exposure to hazardous
  chemicals, such as appropriate work practices,
  emergency procedures, and personal protective
  equipment to be used.

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7
PPE
1910.1450(f)(4)(i)(C)

• Goggle regulations for laboratories are included
  in the packet
• Links to proper glove type based on chemical
  class are included in the packet
• The official position on respirators is avoid
  using them by using engineering controls (hoods).
  If you require a dust mask or respirator, you
  MUST undergo training with the Industrial
  Hygienist.

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Emergency Response Plan
8
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Emergency Response Plan
8
29 CFR 1910.1450 Appendix A, D 9a.

• a) A written emergency plan should be established
  and communicated to all personnel it should
  include procedures for ventilation failure (200),
  evacuation, medical care, reporting, and drills
  (172).

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Emergency Response Plan
8

• The University ERP
• The priorities for emergency response are life
  safety, property protection and preservation of
  academic programs.
• The university ERP deals with major disaster
  responses and the protocols for such
• You should read and familiarize yourself with the
  details of this plan

44
Emergency Response Plan
8

• The Departmental ERP
• Faculty or staff of the A.R. Smith Department
  of Chemistry who observe any emergency or
  disaster in the classrooms, instructional
  laboratories, research laboratories, or chemical
  storeroom facilities operated by the department
  will immediately report this incident to
  University Police by dialing Ext. 8000 and giving
  details of the nature, location, and extent of
  the incident.

45
MSDSs
9

• Material Safety Data Sheets

46
MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)
Employers shall maintain any material safety
data sheets that are received with incoming
shipments of hazardous chemicals, and ensure that
they are readily accessible to laboratory
employees.
47
MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)
But, do I need an MSDS for every chemical?
www.alan.net/prglol
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MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)

• Is the chemical a general household or office
  product? Yes____ No____
• Is the chemical being used for its intended
  purpose? Yes____ No____
• Is the chemical used in small quantities? Yes___
  _ No____
• Is the chemicals use incidental to your work
• (used infrequently and for short periods of
  time)?
• Yes____ No____

Appalachian Safety Office - MSDS
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MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)
Okay, but do I have to have a hard copy of each
MSDS on hand?
50
MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)

• Refer to the standard ensure that they are
  readily accessible to laboratory employees.
• If you are going to maintain MSDSs
  electronically, you must guarantee that anyone
  working in your lab

51
MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)

• Have access to a computer
• The computer system is always available

52
MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(2)
What about new chemicals that are developed in my
lab?
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MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(2)
1910-1450 (h)(2)(i) If the composition of the
chemical substance which is produced exclusively
for the laboratory's use is known, the employer
shall determine if it is a hazardous chemical as
defined in paragraph (b) of this section. If the
chemical is determined to be hazardous, the
employer shall provide appropriate training as
required under paragraph (f) of this section.
1910-1450 (h)(2)(ii) If the chemical produced is
a byproduct whose composition is not known, the
employer shall assume that the substance is
hazardous and shall implement paragraph (e) of
this section.
1910-1450 (h)(2)(ii) If the chemical substance is
produced for another user outside of the
laboratory, the employer shall comply with the
Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)
including the requirements for preparation of
material safety data sheets and labeling.
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MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)
What information must be on the MSDS?
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9
MSDSs
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)

• Chemical Identity
• Section I Manufacturers Name, Contact
  Information, Date Prepared
• Section II Hazardous Ingredients/Identity
  Information
• Section III Physical/Chemical Characteristics
• Section IV Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
• Section V Reactivity Data
• Section VI Health Hazard Data
• Section VII Precautions for Safe Handling and
  Use
• Section VIII Control Measures

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MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)
Section 1 No Date?
Section 2
Useful for ordering or research
Section 6?
57
MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)
Section 6?
This will tell you what class flammable
Section 4?
Section 7?
58
MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)
Section 7
Section 8
Section 3?
This information might be useful in an accidental
release
59
MSDSs
9
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(ii)
Section 5?
This would help with labeling and storage. You
will know if it is a time-sensitive material.
LD50s
Waste spills
Oh, heres the date!
MSDS Demystifier
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Labeling Inventory
10
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Time-Sensitive Chemicals
Labels
10
There is no specific regulation on these, but
the industry standard is -

• The full chemical name
• Date received
• Date opened
• Date of decision
• Peroxide level

62
Label Systems
10

• ANSI - American National Standards Institute
• NFPA - National Fire Protection Association
• HMIS - Hazardous Materials Identification System
• HMIG - Hazardous Materials Identification Guide
• DOT - Department of Transportation

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10
Labels Signs
ANSI Standard Z535.4-1998
DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, will result in
death or serious injury. This signal word is to
be limited to the most extreme situations.
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, could result in
death or serious injury.
CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result in
minor or moderate injury. It may also be used to
alert against unsafe practices.
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Health Hazard
NFPA DIAMOND
10
Flammability Hazard
Reactivity Hazard
Special Hazard
65
The Hazardous Materials Identification System,
HMIS
10
OLD
NEW
HMIS III
HMIS System
66
Hazardous Material Identification Guide - HMIG
10

• System developed by Lab Safety Supply, Inc.
• HMIG is based on type of PPE that should be used
  when working with the chemical
• HMIG System

67
DOT Label Codes
10

• The Hazardous Materials Transportation Act of
  1975 (HMTA), is the major transportation-related
  statute affecting transportation of hazardous
  cargoes.
• DOT Codes

68
Labels
10
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(i)
Employers shall ensure that labels on incoming
containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed
or defaced.
OSHA Labeling Standard
69
Secondary Containers
Labels
10
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(i)
All that is required under the Laboratory Safety
Standard

• The full chemical name
• The date of preparation
• Concentration

That being said
70
Labels
10
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910-1450 (h)(1)(i)
RTK Labels

• ANSI Z129.1 American National Standard for
  Hazardous Industrial Chemicals - Precautionary
  Labeling and ANSI Z535.4
• OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), at 29
  CFR 1910.1200(f)(5) states "... the employer
  shall ensure that each container of hazardous
  chemicals in the work place is labeled, tagged or
  marked with... (i) Identity of the hazardous
  chemicals...and (ii) Appropriate hazard warnings,
  or alternatively, words, pictures, symbols or
  combination thereof,...to...provide the employees
  with the specific information regarding the
  physical and health hazards of the hazardous
  chemicals."

71
Inventory
10

• Make sure that there is a current inventory
  available for your research lab
• The standard format is a Microsoft Excel
  Spreadsheet
• Information should include full chemical name,
  formula, physical form, CAS and NFPA
  information ( amount present in area would also
  be useful information)

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Inventory
10

• Segregate incompatible chemicals
• General storage should never be alphabetical
• Never store chemical on the floor

73
Location of First Aid Supplies and Accident
Reports
11
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First Aid Supplies
11

• There is an assortment of first aid supplies in
  the Stockroom. They are in a drawer in Section
  200.
• Some of the teaching labs also have first aid
  kits
• More information on kit contents can be found at
  the ASU Safety Office

75
EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBILITY IN THE EVENT OF A
JOB-RELATED INJURY OR ILLNESS
11

• Report all injuries or illness to your supervisor
  immediately
• Seek appropriate medical attention from the
  following authorized primary care physicians
• ASU Student Health Services
• Watauga Medical Center Emergency Room
• Contact Watauga Medics at 9-911 for emergency
  transportation to Watauga Medical Center
  Emergency Room. For non-emergency transportation
  to ASU Student Health Services or Watauga Medical
  Center Emergency Room, contact University Police
  at ext. 8000 or 2150.

ASU Safety Office
76
11
Accident Reports
1910.1450 App A
7 (a)

• Accident records should
• be written and retained
• There is a short form for non-work related
  injuries in the manual
• All injuries should be reported and a report
  filled out

77
 Fire Extinguisher Use Flammable Hazards
12
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Flammable Liquids
12

• IFC (2000)
• NFPA 30 (2000)
• NFPA 45 (2000)
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106

79
OSHA
12
Standard 29 CFR 1910.106
200
Flash Point F
140
100
73
100 Boiling Point F
Examples
80
NFPA DIAMOND
12
NFPA 30 (2000)

Flammability Hazard
4 Danger Flammable gas or extremely flammable
liquid (Class IA liquids) 3 Warning Flammable
liquid flash point below 100 F (Class IA IB or
IC) 2 Caution Combustible liquid flash point of
100 to 200 F (Class II or IIIA) 1 Combustible
if heated 0 Not combustible
81
Flammable Liquid Storage
12

• Refer to OSHA Standard 1910.106(d)(2)(iii)(a)(2)
  Table H-12.
• 1910.106(d)(3) -- Design, construction, and
  capacity of storage cabinets (i) -- Maximum
  capacity. Not more than 60 gallons of Class I or
  Class II liquids, nor more than 120 gallons of
  Class III liquids may be stored in a storage
  cabinet.

82
Fire Emergencies
12

• We are now allowed to use fire extinguishers
  without formal training. There is a handout in
  your manual
• The official evacuation distance from the
  building during a fire drill or actual emergency
  is 50 feet.

83
Hazardous Waste Procedures
13

• EPA 40 CFR 260-270

84
Labeling of Waste
13
EPA 40 CFR 260-270

• Hazardous Waste
• Contents as chemical names
• Start date of accumulation
• PI name and room number
• The approximant amount () of each chemical is
  also helpful
• Segregate incompatible chemicals
• The NC EPA manual is on the M drive.

85
Chemistry Stockroom Procedures Use
14
86
Stockroom Use
14

• General storage chemicals must be checked out
  from the stockroom. There is a sign out book by
  the back door. Indicate what room the chemical
  is moving to, and how long it will be there. If
  indefinite, notify the stockroom manager.
• If you use up all of a general storage chemical,
  notify the stockroom manager.
• Do not remove equipment from the stockroom
  without notifying the stockroom manager.
• Chemicals prepared in the stockroom should be
  labeled according to 29 CFR 1900.1200 (HAZCOM)

87
Safety Contact Information
15
88
(No Transcript)
89
Things To Improve
90

• Complete individual inventories
• Decide as a department on a uniform labeling
  system
• Test time-sensitive chemicals
• Remove all time-sensitive chemicals that are out
  of date
• Test eyewashes and showers
• Gather MSDSs for all chemicals used in teaching
  labs

91
29 CFR 1910.1450Appendix A, D 2a.

• 2. Chemical Procurement, Distribution, and
  Storage
• (a) Procurement. Before a substance is received,
  information on proper handling, storage, and
  disposal should be known to those who will be
  involved (215, 216). No container should be
  accepted without an adequate identifying label
  (216). Preferably, all substances should be
  received in a central location (216).

92
29 CFR 1910.1450Appendix A, D 3b.

• (b) Inspections. Formal housekeeping and chemical
  hygiene inspections should be held at least
  quarterly (6, 21) for units which have frequent
  personnel changes and semiannually for others
  informal inspections should be continual (21).

93
29 CFR 1910.1450Appendix A, D 8a.

• 8.Prominent signs and labels of the following
  types should be posted
• (a) Emergency telephone numbers of emergency
  personnel/facilities, supervisors, and laboratory
  workers (28)

94
29 CFR 1910.1450Appendix A, D 11c.

• (c) Discarding Chemical Stocks Unlabeled
  containers of chemicals and solutions should
  undergo prompt disposal if partially used, they
  should not be opened (24, 27).
• Before a worker's employment in the laboratory
  ends, chemicals for which that person was
  responsible should be discarded or returned to
  storage (226).