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Introduction to World Regional Geography

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Introduction to World Regional Geography A Realms and Regions B Physical Setting C Cultures and Population D States E Development – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to World Regional Geography


1
Introduction to World Regional Geography
  • A Realms and Regions
  • B Physical Setting
  • C Cultures and Population
  • D States
  • E Development

2
Realms and Regions
A
  • Geography
  • From the Greek Geo (the world) and Graphos
    (to write about or to describe).
  • Studies the location and distribution of features
    on the Earths surface.
  • Features
  • Human activities.
  • Natural environment.
  • The relationship between the two.
  • Answers where and why.

3
Realms and Regions
A
  • Classification Systems
  • Many sciences establish a taxonomy
    (classification) of the elements investigated.
  • Biologists, chemists, geologists, historians,
    astrophysicists, epidemiologists, etc.
  • Geography does the same
  • Tries to find a commonality to a certain area.
  • Often a matter of scale.
  • The smaller the scale the less likely the
    commonality.

4
Realms and Regions
  • Realm
  • The largest geographic units into which the
    inhabited world can be divided.
  • Based on both physical (natural) and human
    (cultural) characteristics.
  • The smallest scale of commonality.
  • The result of the interaction between human
    societies and natural environments
  • A functional interaction.
  • Represent the most comprehensive and encompassing
    definition of the great clusters of humankind.
  • Geographic realms change over time
  • Russia (disintegration of the former Soviet
    Union).
  • European integration.

5
Realms of the World
6
Realms and Regions
  • Transition zones
  • Where geographic realms meet.
  • An area of spatial change where peripheries of
    two adjacent realms or regions join.
  • Marked by a gradual shift (rather than a sharp
    break) in the characteristics that distinguish
    neighboring realms.

7
Transition Zones
8
Realms and Regions
  • Regions
  • Areas of the earths surface marked by certain
    properties.
  • Based on an established criteria
  • Human (cultural) properties
  • Physical (natural) characteristics
  • All regions have
  • Area
  • Boundaries
  • Location
  • Formal region
  • Marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one
    or more phenomena.
  • Also called a uniform region or homogeneous
    region.

9
A Regional Framework of the United States
10
Realms and Regions
  • Functional region
  • A region marked less by its sameness than its
    dynamic internal structure.
  • A spatial system focused on a central core.
  • A region formed by a set of places and their
    functional integration.
  • Also called a nodal region.

11
Los Angeles Nodal Region
12
Physical Setting
B
  • Physical Geography
  • The study of physical processes in space.
  • Continental drift / Tectonic plates / Subduction.
  • Pacific Ring of fire.
  • Weathering
  • Decay and breakup of rocks on the earth's surface
    by natural chemical and mechanical processes.
  • Erosion
  • The wearing away of land or soil by the action of
    wind, water, or ice.

13
Tectonic Plates
14
World Seismic and Volcanic Activity
15
Cultures and Population
C
  • Culture
  • Shared patterns of learned behavior.
  • Components
  • Beliefs.
  • Institutions.
  • Technology.
  • Cultural geography
  • Spatial aspects of human cultures.
  • Major components focus on
  • Cultural Landscapes.
  • Culture Hearths.
  • Cultural Diffusion.
  • Cultural Environments.
  • Cultural Regions.

16
Cultures and Population
  • Cultural landscape
  • The composite of human imprints on the earths
    surface.
  • Take many shapes
  • Agricultural tenure.
  • Organization of cities.
  • Architecture.
  • Cultural hearths
  • The source areas from which radiated ideas,
    innovations, and ideologies that changed the
    world beyond.
  • Cultural diffusion
  • Process during which a culture / religion spread
    to new areas.

17
Core Cultural Hearths of Humanity
18
Diffusion of Major Religions in Pacific Asia
Hinduism (4,000 B.C.)
Buddhism (563 B.C.)
Shinto
Traditional Chinese
Islam (571 A.D.)
Christianity (1510 A.D.)
Christian presence
19
Cultures and Population
  • Population distribution
  • Linked with agricultural potential.
  • 4 major clusters
  • 1) East Asia
  • 2) South Asia
  • 3) Europe
  • 4) Eastern North America

20
World Population
21
States
D
  • Political geography
  • The study of the interaction of geographical area
    and political processes.
  • The spatial analysis of political phenomena (e.g.
    voting) and processes.
  • State
  • A politically organized territory.
  • Administered by a sovereign government.
  • Recognized by the international community.
  • A state must also contain
  • A permanent resident population.
  • An organized economy.
  • A functioning internal circulation system.

22
States
  • Nation
  • All the citizens of a state (legal definition).
  • Group of people with a strong linguistic, ethnic,
    religious and cultural commonality.
  • Nation-state
  • A country whose population possesses a
    substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and
    unity.
  • Japan, most of Europe.

23
Development
E
  • Economic geography
  • The study of economic activities in space.
  • Particularly concerned about production and
    consumption.
  • Economic conditions
  • Significant variations in income.
  • Developed and developing countries.
  • From low to high-Income.
  • Globalization
  • A complex and highly dynamic process.
  • New industrial regions.
  • New markets.
  • Global products.
  • Three main poles of the global economy.

24
Poles of the Global Economy
Western Europe
North America
East Asia
Economies
Underdeveloped
Developing
Newly Industrializing
Advanced
Oil Export / Rent
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