Title: GEOMORFOLOFI PENDAHULUAN DEFINISI Geomorfologi dari bahasa
1GEOMORFOLOFI
2Geomorfologi dari bahasa Yunani kuno, geo
bumi, morfo bentuk, logos ilmu,
(landscape).Mula-mula digunakan istilah
fisiografi.Di Eropa fisiografi diartikan sebagai
ilmu yang mempelajari rangkuman tentang iklim,
meteorologi, oceanogcafi dan geografi. Akan
tetapi para pakar Amerika tidak sependapat karena
bidang ilmu yang mempelajari roman muka bumi erat
hubungannya dengan ilmu geologi, mereka lebih
cenderung memakai istilah Geomorfologi.
3GeomorphologyFrom Wikipedia, the free
encyclopediaJump to navigation, search
Surface of the EarthGeomorphology is the study
of landforms, including their origin and
evolution, and the processes that shape them. The
underlying question is Why do landscapes look
the way they do? The term is derived from the
Greek ??, ge, meaning Earth, and µ??f?, morfé,
meaning form. Geomorphologists seek to understand
landform history and dynamics, and predict future
changes through a combination of field
observation, physical experiment, and numerical
modeling. The discipline is practiced within
geology, geodesy, geography, archaeology, and
civil and environmental engineering. Early
studies in geomorphology are the foundation for
pedology, one of two main branches of soil
science.Landforms evolve in response to a
combination of natural and anthropogenic
processes. The landscape is built up through
tectonic uplift and volcanism. Denudation occurs
by erosion and mass wasting, which produces
sediment that is transported and deposited
elsewhere within the landscape or off the coast.
Landscapes are also lowered by subsidence, either
due to tectonics or physical changes in
underlying sedimentary deposits. These processes
are each influenced differently by climate,
ecology, and human activity.Practical
applications of geomorphology include landslide
prediction and mitigation, river control and
restoration, coastal protection, and assessing
the presence of water on Mars.Paleogeomorphology
is the study of the geomorphology of all or part
of the earth's surface at some time in the
earth's past
4Dimulai pakar-pakar filsafat Yunani dan Itali,
Herodatus (485-425 SM) (bapak "Sejarah" )
Aristoteles, Plato dll yang semuanya berusaha
menjelaskan gejala-gejala alam di muka bumi
(geologi) termasuk perubahan muka air laut
dinyatakan sebagai suatu kutukan Tuhan atau
dikenal dengan teori malapetaka. Selanjutnya
dikenal Teori Katastrofisma (Cuvier)
Gejalagejala morfologi terjadi secara
mendadak, didukung oleh kejadian geologi seperti
letusan gunung api, longsor, aliran lahar, begitu
juga dataran-dataran terjadi secara
demikian.James Hutton (1726 - 1797) sebagai
"Bapak Geologi Modern" pendapatnya bertentangan
dengan teori Katastrofisma Proses pembentukan
morfologi bekerja sepanjang waktu secara perlahan
tetapi mampu membentuk bentuk-bentuk yang
sekarang. Bahkan banyak perubahan yang terjadi
pada masa lalu terjadi pada masa sekarang dan
seterusnya."masa sekarang adalah kunci membuka
tabir masa lampau
("The present is Key to the past").
5Pada masa sekarang geomorfologi bukan hanya
meliputi hal-hal yang statis, tetapi juga
mencakup hal yang dinamis yang dapat diramalkan
kejadiannya di alam sebagai hasil interpolasi.
Selain itu bentuk roman muka bumi dapat
dinyatakan dengan besaran matematika seperti kita
kenal dalam Geomorfologi Kwantitatif
6GeomorphologyFrom Wikipedia, the free
encyclopediaJump to navigation,
searchHistoryGeomorphology was not originally
differentiated from the rest of geography. The
first geomorphic model was the geographical cycle
or the cycle of erosion, developed by William
Morris Davis between 1884 and 1899. The cycle was
inspired by theories of uniformitarianism which
were first formulated by James Hutton
(1726-1797). Concerning valley forms, the cycle
was depicted as a sequence by which a river would
cut a valley more and more deeply, but then
erosion of side valleys would eventually flatten
out the terrain again, now at a lower elevation.
The cycle could be started over by uplift of the
terrain. The model is today considered too much
of a simplification to be especially useful in
practice.Walther Penck developed an alternative
model in the 1920s, based on ratios of uplift and
erosion, but it was also too weak to explain a
variety of landforms. G. K. Gilbert was an
important early American geomorphologist.
7a. Konsep kesinambungankonsep yang mengatakan
bahwa segala sesuatu gejala alam yang terjadi
sekarang juga terjadipada masa lampau bisa dari
identitas yang samaataupun berbeda.
b. Konsep kontrol morfologiIalah bahwa untuk
mempelajari bentang alam suatu wilayah adalah
dengan mengontrol keadaan morfologi daerah
tersebut.
8adalah perubahanperubahan baik secara fisik
maupun secara kimia yang dialami permukaan bumi.
Penyebab proses perubahan dikenal sebagai
"Geomorphic Agent", yakni faktor-faktor pengubah
muka bumi.Dibedakan menjadi 2 golongan besar,
yaitu1. Tenaga asal dalam (tenaga endogen)
membangun2. Tenaga asal Iuar (tenaga eksogen)
merusakTenaga endogen dan eksogen ini bekerja
bersama membentuk roman muka bumi.
91. Tenaga endogen, dibedakan a. teramati
prosesnya vulkanisme. b. tak teramati
prosesnya pembentukan pegunungan,
lipatan, patahan, dsb,
PROSES GEOMORFOLOGI (2)
2. Tenaga eksogen, proses dapat diamati,
dibedakan a. Degradasi pelarutan, erosi, gerak
massa batuan, organik, dll.b. Degradasi
agradasi banjir, gerakan tanah, dll.c.
Agradasi akumulasi sedimen hasil pelapukan oleh
air, angin, gravitasi, vulkanik, organik, dll.d.
Ekstra terestrial crater meteoric
Untuk memperlihatkan adanya suatu proses perlu
dilakukan peragaan Geomorfologi )
10GeomorphologyFrom Wikipedia, the free
encyclopediaJump to navigation,
searchTaxonomyDifferent geomorphological
processes dominate at different spatial and
temporal scales. To help categorize landscape
scales some geomorphologists use the following
taxonomy1st - Continent, ocean basin, climatic
zone (10,000,000 km²) 2nd - Shield, e.g. Baltic
shield, or mountain range (1,000,000 km²) 3rd -
Isolated sea, Sahel (100,000 km²) 4th - Massif,
e.g. Massif Central or Group of related
landforms, e.g., Weald (10,000 km²) 5th - River
valley, Cotswolds (1,000 km²) 6th - Individual
mountain or volcano, small valleys (100 km²)
7th - Hillslopes, stream channels, estuary (10
km²) 8th - gully, barchannel (1 km²) 9th -
Meter-sized features Its use, however, is rare
and may be misleading - the nature of landscape
change may be better viewed as a continuum of
coupled processes.
- REFERENSI PENGELOMPOKAN LANDSCAPE
11HUBUNGAN GEOLOGI, FISIOGRAFI DAN GEOMORFOLOGI
12HUBUNGAN UNIT GEOMORFOLOGI, TENAGA GEOMORFOLOGI
DAN PROSES GEOMORFOLOGI
TANAH
DENUDASI
13Cari tahu dan diskusikan dengan temanmu tentang
LATIHAN UNTUK QUIZ !!!
- SIKLUS GEOMORFOLOGIKAITAN PERUBAHAN BENTUKLAHAN
(LANDFORM) MENURUT WAKTU DAN IKLIMPERBEDAAN
BENTUKLAHAN (LANDFORM) DENGAN BENTANGALAM
(LANDSCAPE)