Hitler’s Lightning War

1
Hitlers Lightning War

• Chapter 16 section 1-4

2
Germany sparks a new war in Europe

• Germany sparks a new war in Europe
• Stalin signed 10 year agreement Non-Aggression
  pact- with Germany- saying they would not fight
• Secret part Germany and Soviet Union agreed to
  divide Poland, USSR could have Finland,
  Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia
• Germanys lightning attack
• Blitzkrieg- lightning war
• Germans used artillery and bombing to attack
  Warsaw, capital of Poland
• France and GB will declare war Germany
• Western half of Poland will fall to Hitler
• Soviets make their move
• Stalin sent Soviet troops to occupy the Eastern
  half of Poland
• Finland will resist
• Soviets pull out the win
• Finns will accept Hitlers surrender terms

3
The Phony War

• French and Brits had mobilized army against
  Germany
• Stationed on Maginot Line- system of
  fortifications along Frances border with Germany
• Nothing happened referred to as a phony war
• Calm will end- Hitler launched surprise invasion
  of Denmark and Norway
• Denmark fell and Norway surrendered
• Germany began to build bases along the coast to
  launch strikes on Great Britain

4
The Fall of France

• Hitler send tanks through the Ardennes- heavily
  wooded are in Northern France, Luxm., and Belgium
• Germans squeezed between the Maginot Line
• Moved across France
• Rescue at Dunkirk
• Germans had trapped the Allied forces around the
  Northern French city of Lille
• Allies retreated to the beaches of Dunkirk,
  French Port
• G.B. set out to rescue the Army
• Ships crossed the English Channel and carry
  338,000 soldiers to safety

5
France Falls

• Resistance in France crumbles after Dunkirk
• Germans take Paris
• French leaders surrender
• Germans take N. France and leave S. France to
  puppet govt headed by Marshal Petain
• Headquarters for Petain was in Vichy France
• Charles de Gaulle- French general, set up exile
  govt in London
• Commits all energy to taking back France
• Will battle Nazis until France was liberated in
  1944

6
The Battle of Britain

• G.B. stood alone against the Nazis
• Winston Churchill- new G.B. prime minister
• Hitler will try to invade G.B.
• Hitler 1st wanted to destroy RAF- royal air force
  then land troops
• Luftwaffe- German air force began bombing
• British will not waver
• Technological advances help Britain
• Radar- could tell , speed, and direction of
  Luftwaffe
• Enigma machine- decoded German messages
• Germans will give up on daylight raids
• Stunned by British resistance Hitler called off
  attacks
• Key to this battle Hitler could be defeated

7
The Mediterranean and the Eastern Front

• Hitler will have a shift in strategy
• Turned attention to Med., Balkans, and the Soviet
  Union
• Axis forces attack N. Africa
• Axis powers- Germany, Italy, Japan
• Mussolini orders attack on Egypt
• Suez Canal was key to oil in Middle East
• Britain Strikes Back
• Hitler sends in Afrika Korps- German tank force
  led by Erwin Rommel- later called the Desert Fox
  for his success
• Rommel will seized Tobruk

8
War in the Balkans

• Hitler was planning to attack USSR from the
  Balkans
• Hitler persuaded Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary
  to join the Axis
• Hitler invades the Soviet Union
• Operation Barbarossa- plan to invade the USSR
• Soviet Gerneral Georgi Zhukov will counterattack
  Nazis
• Germans will retreat
• Hitler will gain nothing but 500,000 German deaths

9
The U.S. aids Allies

• Congress will pass Neutrality Acts
• Illegal to sell arms or lend to nations at war
• Roosevelt creates Lend-Lease Act
• Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly and issued a
  joint declaration called the Atlantic Charter-
• Upheld free trade, right to choose own govt
• U.S. was in undeclared naval war with Hitler
• U.S. will enter war b/c of Japan

10
Japans pacific campaign

• Objectives Chapter 16, Section 2
• Explain how Japanese expansionism led to war with
  the Allies in Asia.
• Describe Japans early battle successes.
• Explain how the Allies were able to stop Japanese
  expansion.
• Summarize Allied battle strategy.

11
Japans Pacific Campaign

• Japan is trying to take over much of Asia
• Surprise attack on Pearl Harbor
• U.S. aware of Japans plans for S.E. Asia
• They wanted American controlled Philippine
  Islands Guam
• So U.S. will send aid to strengthen Chinese
  against Japan
• U.S. will cut off oil supplies to Japan
• Japan will not stop
• Isoroku Yamamoto- Japanese Admiral who will call
  for attack on Pearl Harbor

12
Day of Infamy

• December 7, 1941- attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
• 19 ships 8 Battleships, 2300 killed, 1100
  wounded
• a date which will live in infamy- Roosevelt
• War is declared on Japan and its Allies
• Japanese move on to British colony of Hong Kong
  and American controlled Guam and Wake Island

13
Japanese victories

• Guam and Wake Island fall to Japan
• Turn their attention to Philippines
• U.S. and Pilipino take up defensive position on
  Bataan Peninsula
• Japanese will take Peninsula
• Brutal treatment was used against prisoners
• The Allies Strike Back
• U.S. wanted revenge for Pearl Harbor
• Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel James
  Doolittle
• Battle of the Coral Sea will be victorious in
  preventing Japans Southward advance
• Battle of Midway
• W. of Hawaii, American airfield
• Japanese vs. Americans from Pearl Harbor
• Yamamoto will order crippled fleet to withdraw
• Will be the turning tide for the war in Pacific

14
An Allied Offensive

• U.S. moral high after Battle of Midway
• General Douglas McArthur- commander of Allied
  land forces
• Battle of Guadalcanal- fighting between U.S. and
  Japan on the island of Guadalcanal
• island hopping to seize islands and get closer
  to Japan
• Japanese will abandon

15
Critical thinking questions

• How did Yamamoto justify a preemptive strike on
  the U.S.?
• He argued the U.S. had threatened Japan.
• Summarize the fighting in the Pacific between
  December 1941 and 1942.
• Japan had a series of victories, some easy and
  some hard-fought

16
The holocaust

• Objectives Chapter 16, Section 3
• Trace the course of persecution of Jews by the
  Nazis.
• Describe the results of the Final Solution.

17
The Holocaust

• Nazis propose new racial order
• Aryans- master race of Germanic peoples
• All non-Aryans were inferior especially Jewish
• Holocaust- mass slaughter of Jews and other
  groups
• Holocaust begins
• Jews became targets of German failures
• Nuremberg Laws- took away rights of Jews
• Citizenship, marriages

18
night of broken glass

• German diplomat shot in Paris
• By Grynszpan for revenge of father being
  deported to Poland
• Germans launch attack on Jews
• This night will be known as kristallnacht
• Kristallnacht became a major policy of Jewish
  persecution
• Flood of Refugees
• Jews will flee Germany
• Hitler called it a Jewish problem
• Other countries will turn down the influx of
  Jewish immigrants
• Isolating the Jews
• Hitler will move Jews into Ghettos- segregated
  Jewish areas
• Ghettos were then sealed off
• Some Jews will form resistance groups in ghettos
• Jews will struggle to keep traditions

19
The Final Solution

• Hitler grows impatient
• Plan- final solution becomes plan for genocide-
  mass killing of entire people
• Plan for conquest depended on purity of Aryan
  race
• Killings begin
• Hitlers SS will hunt down Jews
• Shot prisoners in pits
• Jews not reached by killing squads went to
  concentration camps
• Final Stage
• Extermination camps built with gas chambers
• Auschwitz- largest of the camps
• The Survivors
• 6 million will die
• Less then 4 million will survive

20
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

• Why did Hitler begin mass killing of Jews?
• Starvation and disease was not killing them fast
  enough.
• What was the difference between a concentration
  camp and an extermination camp?
• Concentration camps were slave-labor prisons.
  Extermination camps were for mass murder.

21
The allied victory

• Objectives CHAPTER 16, SECTION 4
• Describe the Allied strategy in Europe.
• List efforts made on the home front.
• Summarize events that led to the surrender of
  Germany and of Japan.

22
The Allied Victory

• Russians join the Allies against Germany
• Tide turns on 2 fronts
• U.S. and G.B. will strike at N. Africa and S.
  Europe
• Supplies will be sent to help Russia
• N. African Campaign
• General Bernard Montgomery- will take control of
  Brit. Troops
• Fighting against Rommel in the Battle of El
  Alamein
• Rommels army will fall back
• Operation Torch- led by General Dwight
  Eisenhower, will catch Rommel while he is fleeing
  from Montgomery
• Rommel will be crushed for good

23
The Battle for Stalingrad

• Hitler sends army in to capture Stalingrad
• Luftwaffe will night bomb the city
• Russians trap Germans within the city and cut
  off supplies
• In February, German troops will surrender to
  Soviets
• Germans were on the defensive and being pushed
  back
• Invasion of Italy
• Roosevelt and Churchill choose to invade Italy
• Allied forces take S. Italy
• Germans seize N. Italy
• Fighting continues until Germany falls
• Mussolini found in back of a truck

24
The Allied Home Fronts

• Americans produce weapons and equipment for war
• Mobilizing for war
• Prepared for total war
• Shortage of consumer goods
• Propaganda used for citizens to help
• War limits civil rights
• Prejudice will arise from war
• propaganda used against Japanese
• Internment camps set up
• This would prevent future invasions from spies

25
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

• What did the debate about a second front imply
  about relationships among the Allies?
• Britain and the U.S. were closer to each other
  than the Soviet Union.
• How did the North African campaign show the value
  of international cooperation?
• British and American forces combined to win.

26
Victory in Europe
The D-Day Invasion Allies plan invasion of
France use deception to confuse
Germans D-DayJune 6, 1944 day of Operation
Overlord invasion of France Allied forces
capture Normandy beaches liberate Paris by
September
27
The Battle of the Bulge U.S., British forces
advance on Germany from west, Soviets from
east Battle of the BulgeGerman counterattack
in December 1944 Germans gain early success
but forced to retreat
Germanys Unconditional Surrender By 1945,
Allied armies approach Germany from two
sides Soviets surround Berlin in April 1945
Hitler commits suicide On May 9, 1945,
Germany officially surrenders, marking V-E
Day President Roosevelt dies in April Harry
Truman becomes president
28
Victory in the Pacific
The Japanese in Retreat Allies move to retake
the Philippines in late 1944 Battle of Leyte
Gulf leaves Japanese navy badly
damaged KamikazesJapanese pilots who fly
suicide missions In March 1945, American forces
capture Iwo Jima U.S. takes Okinawa in June
1945 Japan suffers huge casualties
29
The Japanese Surrender Advisors warn Truman
that invasion of Japan will cost many lives He
has alternative powerful new weapon called
atomic bomb Manhattan Projectsecret program to
develop the bomb Atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima, August 6, 1945 about 75,000
die Nagasaki bombed on August 9 70,000 die
immediately Japanese surrender on September 2,
1945
30
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

• What caused Germany to surrender?
• Allied and Soviet troops were preparing to take
  Berlin Hitler had committed suicide.
• What does the use of kamikazes indicate about the
  strength of the Japanese navy?
• It was so weak they had to hope that suicidal
  missions would halt the American advance.