Global Footprint and Growing

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Global Footprint and Growing
Oerlikon Drive Systems
Oerlikon Components
Oerlikon Vacuum
Oerlikon Coating
Oerlikon Textile

• North America
• Sales
• Customer Support
• Operations (est. 2009)

• Asia
• Sales
• Operations
• Pilot Line
• Technology Center
• Customer Support Training

• Europe
• Solar HQ
• Operations
• Pilot Line
• Advanced RD
• Product Development
• Customer Support Training

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Intense energy consumption of conventional
sources drives CO2 emission

Energy consumption, particularly power
generation, is responsible for CO2 emissions
Energy production is by far - the most
important driver for emissions of greenhouse
gases. STERN REVIEW The Economics of Climate
Change
In 2030, global CO2 emissions will be 70 more
than today and power generation will account
for almost half the increase. International
Energy Agency Emissions report
Source Stern Review The Economics of Climate
Change IEA
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CO2 emissions and concentration in the atmosphere
have been rising substantially in the last 50
years

CO2 concentration in atmosphere (in ppm)
CO2 emissions from fossil fuels(in M t/year)
CO2 concentration in atmosphere
Carbon emissions from fossil fuels
Pre-industrial CO2 level
Source CO2 concentration C.D. Keeling, T.P.
Whorf et. Al., Air samples collected at Mauna
Loa Observatory Hawaii CO2 emissions G.
Marland, B. Andres, T. Boden, Global emissions
from fossil burning
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CO2 concentration in atmosphere responsible for
global warming and climate change
Upsala Glacier, Arg Once the biggest in South
America, now disappearing at a rate of 200m per
year
1928
According to relevant scientific contributors
manmade emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are
driving global climate to unprecedentedly
warmer temperatures IPCC Survey of IPCC Climate
Experts
According to relevant scientific contributors
manmade emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are
driving global climate to unprecedentedly
warmer temperatures. IPCC Survey of IPCC
Climate Experts
2004
emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main
gas responsible for climate change, as well as of
other 'greenhouse' gases European Commission's
Climate Change Campaign
Source IPCC, European Commission
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consequently, the Fossil Fuel Era will be over
soon
Illustration of Fossil Fuel Era
Corresponding facts

• Fossil fuel createdWithin the last 600 Million
  years
• Mankind on earth250,000 years
• Fossil Fuel Era 300 years (1800 2100 AD)

Energy (fossil sources) for mankind
Years AD
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Fossil Fuel Era
Renewables
?
Source Litsearch
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Global Energy Supply until 2100
Source solarwirtschaft.de
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Solar PV enables multiple applications

Grid-connected
Off-grid
Distributed
Centralized
Domestic
Non-domestic

• Rural (e.g., water pump)
• Ubiquitous consumer products(e.g., clothing)
• Space/ high value (e.g., satellites)

• Residential roof-top
• Commercial roof-top
• BIPV (building integrated PV)

• Power plant/ solar park (Ground-mounted systems,
  mounting may include tracking)

• Roof-top or BIPV installations in villages for
  public and private buildings

Source IEA, Sarasin Expert Interviews
Oerlikon analysis

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Two major technologies within Solar PV the
established bulk crystalline silicon cells and
thin film as challenger
Solar modules based on crystalline silicon
Solar modules based on thin film depositions

• Production
• Solar modules produced on the basis of a
  (crystalline silicon) wafer
• Cell functionality, e.g. contacts for electricity
  extraction, applied onto crystalline wafer
• Economic ecologic characteristics
• Current silicon shortage makes production
  significantly more expensive
• Relatively high (vs. thin film) CO2 emissions
  during production due to higher raw material
  intensity

• Production
• Modules produced via deposition of very thin
  films onto a glass substrate
• Cell functionality, e.g. contacts, also deposited
  via thin transparent films
• Economic ecologic characteristics
• Lower module production costs and CO2 emissions
  due to better raw material efficiency
• Competition of several technologies (e.g.,
  Silicon thin fim, CdTe, CIS/ CIGS) additional
  driver for cost reductions

Market share decreasing
Market share increasing
Source Industry Reports Litsearch
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Within Solar PV thin film segment, particularly
silicon thin film with strongest growth
Solar PV market development
Thin film market development
Other TF techno-logies
Oerlikon focus Si-TF (a-Si tandem)
Source Industry reports Expert interviews
Oerlikon analysis
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Oerlikon Solar growth outpaces the photovoltaic
market
(million CHF)
gt1.000
250
Ø growth rate 2006-2015 Thin film 74.8 Crystalli
ne Si 49.4 Total market 54.0
200
gt700
150
GWp
100
gt300
gt140
50
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Crystalline silicon
Thin film
Revenues 06-07 pro forma, Solar as stand-alone
segment from 08
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Primary Production Technologies for Solar Cells
Substrate
Cell
Issues
Technology
Cost Silicon Supply
Crystalline Silicon
Thin Films
Large Scale Mfg. Efficiency
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Thin Film Solar Cell Basics
Manufacturing Order
Thin Film Solar Cell Structure
Thin Film Solar Panels
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Key process elements needed for scalable
Thin Film PV Manufacturing
PECVD Deposit PV Material
LPCVD Deposit Contacts
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Micromorph Process Technology up to 50 more
Efficiency
The principle of light trapping to deliver high
performance TCO

Visible
Near IR
Amorph
Micromorph Tandem

• The goal is to optimize the haze
• to better the performance.

• Integral to Micromorph process
• -High transmission in visible and near IR
  light spectrums

a-Si/ µ-Si
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Oerlikon is the leading supplier of silicon thin
film turnkey solutions
Source Oerlikon
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TCO 1200 Proprietary TCO Enables Higher
Efficiency
TCO
TCO
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TCO 1200 Proprietary TCO Enables Higher
Efficiency
TCO
TCO
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KAI 1200 Proven Technology for PV Layers

• Plasma Box for single reactor processing
• 40 MHz for increased deposition rates
• Parallel processing (20 reactors) and load lock
  for high throughput

PECVD
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LSS 1200 Key to Efficiency and Reproducibility

• The only system qualified for
• mass production
• all 3 laser scribing patterns

Laser
Laser
Laser
Pattern 3
Pattern 1
Pattern 2
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LSS 1200 Key to Efficiency and Reproducibility

• The only system qualified for
• mass production
• all 3 laser scribing patterns

Laser
Laser
Laser
Pattern 3
Pattern 1
Pattern 2
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Its All About Lowering Cost per Watt to Reach
Grid Parity
Total Cost Throughput x Power
Wp

Micromorph High Efficiency Tandem Solar Cells
Turnkey Advanced Manufacturing Lines
Oerlikon Advantage
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Cost of Ownership Development to Grid Parity
Thin Film Si Roadmap
100
2010 for GWp campuses lt 0.7 /Wp (lt0.52/Wp)
80
2007 for 20 MWp fabs lt 1.5 /Wp (lt1.12/Wp)
60
40
20
0
Current
Equipment
Material
Other
Tact
Cell
Economies
2010
small
cost
cost
cost
time
efficiency

of scale
large
fabs
decrease
decrease
decrease
decrease
increase
fabs
exchange rate 1 1.34
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Achieving Grid Parity
Fab nominal capacity
Module efficiency
GW/p
13
12
1
11
0.3
10
capacity
0.12
9
0.08
8
Next Generation Thin-Film
0.04
MicromorphTandem
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Amorph
2012
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2010
2009
2008
2006
2007
2011
2012
CapEx per Watt
Cost of ownership
/Wp
/W
1.5
4.00
Grid Parity
3.50
1.0
3.00
2.50
GigaFab
0.5
2.00
1.50
2012
2010
2009
2008
2006
2007
2012
2011
2007
2008
2009
2010
(Calculated with an exchange rate of 1.00 1.34)
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