Missouri CAFO Regulations & Nutrient Management Requirements

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Missouri CAFO Regulations Nutrient Management
Requirements
Randy Kixmiller, P.E. October 20, 2005 Jefferson
City, MO
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Missouri CAFO Regulations
CAFOs are not a new problem.
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Missouri CAFO Regulations

• Federal Clean Water Act enacted in 1972
• Missouri Began Issuing LOAs in mid 1970s
• NPDES Permit Applicability Debated

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Missouri CAFO Regulations
In 1996 Missouri passed hog bill and CAFO
regulations

• Required NPDES Permits in Missouri
• Precipitated by Large Farms
• Requirements for Large Farms
• Standards in Place Today

Factoryfarm.org
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Missouri CAFO Regulations

• Issue NPDES Permits to CAFOs
• 1000 Animal Unit Threshold
• No Discharge Criteria
• Neighbor Notice
• Buffer Distances and Setbacks
• Design Criteria
• Best Management Practices

• The Basics

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Missouri CAFO Regulations
Issue NPDES Permits to CAFOs

• Two Step Permitting Construction and Operating
• General Permits
• Site-Specific Permits

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Missouri CAFO Regulations
1000 Animal Unit Threshold
1 Animal Unit
1.0 Beef Feeder 0.5 Horse 0.7 Dairy Cow 2.5
Swine over 55 pounds 15 Swine under 55 pounds
10 Sheep 30 Chicken Laying Hens 60 Chicken
Layer Pullets 55 Turkeys 100 Broiler Chickens
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Missouri CAFO Regulations
No Discharge Criteria

• Design for 1-in-25 year 24-hour and 1-in-10 year
  365 day
• Land Application on Available Days in Past Year

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Missouri CAFO Regulations
Neighbor Notice

• Notice to Neighbors About Construction Permit
  Application
• Adjoining Property Owners
• 30-Day Comment Period

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Missouri CAFO Regulations
Buffer Distances and Setbacks

• Buffer between Operation and Residences
• Setbacks from Operation and Land Applications
  Sites

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Buffer Distance Example
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Setback Example
Original Land Area about 140 acres Setback and
Unusable about 35 acres Leaving about 105 acres
for Land Application
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Missouri CAFO Regulations
Design Criteria

• Regulations
• Resources

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Missouri CAFO Regulations
Best Management Practices

• Nutrient Management Plan
• Operation and Maintenance
• Land Application

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Nutrient Management Requirements
Nutrient Management Steps

• Planning
• Application
• Record Keeping

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Nutrient Management Requirements
Planning Nitrogen Rate

• Conservative Approach
• 100 lb. N/acre application Rate
• Plant Available Nitrogen
• Nitrogen rate based upon plant needs

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Basic PAN Calculation
Crop Nitrogen Needs considers both the net crop
nitrogen requirement and the residual soil
nitrogen.
Manure Nitrogen Contribution considers the manure
nitrogen availability and loss.
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Nutrient Management Requirements
Planning Phosphorous

• General Permits - No Phosphorous Requirement
• Individual Permits - Phosphorous Requirement
• Soil Test Phosphorous Limit of 120 lb. P / acre
• Future - All permits will require phosphorous
  assessment.

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Nutrient Management Requirements
Planning Manure and Soil Testing

• General Permits - Manure and Soil Test Required
  for PAN Approach
• Individual Permits - Annual Manure Test and Soil
  Tests Every 3 Years Required
• Future - All permits will require annual manure
  testing and soil tests every five years.

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Nutrient Management Requirements
Planning Miscellaneous

• Land Area - Liquid systems and individual permits
  are typically required to identify land
  application area.
• Setbacks - Need to identify setback distances
  prior to land application.
• Timing - Days of storage and land application
  needs are generally assessed for adequacy.

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Nutrient Management Requirements
Application

• Follow Plan and BMPs
• Select Appropriate Days
• No Rain Within 24 Hours
• No Frozen, Saturated or Snow Covered Soil
• Monitor Wind Conditions
• Determine Rate
• Monitor for Runoff

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Nutrient Management Requirements
Record Keeping Why?
Required for permittees To prove Agriculture
Stormwater Exemption Optimize Yield
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Nutrient Management Requirements
Record Keeping Components

• Daily Log
• Non Owned Areas
• Transfers
• Rainfall
• Storage Levels
• Manure and Soil Test Results

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Nutrient Management Requirements
Record Keeping Reports
Annual Reports Submitted to the Department in
January of each year.
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Thank You