Title: Arsenic toxicology
1Arsenic toxicology
2The King of Poisons
3The Poison of Kings
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5Arsenic History
Discovery credited to Albertus Magnus 1250
Dartmouth Center for Environmental HealthSciences
6The Poison of Kings
Cesare Borgia Italy Middle Ages
7Arsenic Facts
8Arsenic Facts
9Arsenic Facts
10Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species
11Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species - soil 3-4 ppm
- water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
12Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species - soil 3-4 ppm
- water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
- Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
activity
13Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species - soil 3-4 ppm
- water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
- Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
activity - Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
14Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species - soil 3-4 ppm
- water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
- Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
activity - Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
- arsenite (As3) As2O3
- arsenate (As5) As2O5
15Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species - soil 3-4 ppm
- water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
- Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
activity - Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
- arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
toxic - arsenate (As5) As2O5
16Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species - soil 3-4 ppm
- water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
- Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
activity - Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
- arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
toxic - arsenate (As5) As2O5
- As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
17Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species - soil 3-4 ppm
- water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
- Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
activity - Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
- arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
toxic - arsenate (As5) As2O5
- As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
- Organic soil, pesticides, marine organisms
generally less toxic
18Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species - soil 3-4 ppm
- water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
- Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
activity - Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
- arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
toxic - arsenate (As5) As2O5
- As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
- Organic soil, pesticides, marine organisms
generally less toxic - Human exposure
19Arsenic Facts
- Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
mineral species - soil 3-4 ppm
- water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
- Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
activity - Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
- arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
toxic - arsenate (As5) As2O5
- As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
- Organic soil, pesticides, marine organisms
generally less toxic - Human exposure
- Diet -- 80 (poultry, fish, meat, mushrooms),
- air (mining, smelting, fossil fuels),
groundwater, - timber treatment, pesticides, semi-conductors
(GaAs)
20Arsenic Toxicology
- Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal
problems
21Arsenic Toxicology
- Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal
problems - Proven human carcinogen
22Arsenic Toxicology
- Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal
problems - Proven human carcinogen
- skin, bladder, kidney, lung, liver
23Arsenic Exposure Standards
- EPA 10 ppb in drinking water
24Arsenic Exposure Standards
- EPA 10 ppb in drinking water (replaced old
standard 50 ppb)
25Arsenic Exposure Standards
- EPA 10 ppb in drinking water
- RfD 3 x 10-4 mg/kg/day
- NOAEL 0.009 mg/L
- LOAEL 0.17 mg/L
-
26Arsenic toxicology case studies
Outside Magazine
27Cancer cluster Churchill Country Nevada
Outside Magazine
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30Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000
31Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000 Acute leukemia
32Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000 Acute leukemia Expected 2
33Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000 Acute leukemia Expected 2 Observed 16
34Municipal water supply from basalt aquifer
underneath Rattlesnake Hill, near Fallon
35Municipal water supply from basalt aquifer
underneath Rattlesnake Hill, near Fallon
gt 100 ppb As
36Cancer cluster Churchill Country Nevada
Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
37Nevada Cancer cluster other possible etiologies
- Benzene from jet fuel spills
- tungsten, cobalt, EMF from long-range
transmitter
Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
38Arsenic Compliance
- 19 million Treatment plant constructed
39Arsenic Compliance
- 19 million Treatment plant constructed
- enhanced iron-based coagulation/filtration system
40Arsenic Compliance
- 19 million Treatment plant constructed
- enhanced iron-based coagulation/filtration
system - As3 and As5 strongly adsorb to iron oxides
41Arsenic in groundwater Bangladesh
42Arsenic in groundwater Bangladesh
43Arsenic in groundwater Bangladesh
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45BBC
46UNESCO
47UNESCO
48UNESCO
49UNESCO/BBC
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52Small-scale water treatment
- Sono filter composite iron matrix filter
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54Questions?