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Arsenic toxicology

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Title: Arsenic toxicology


1
Arsenic toxicology
2
The King of Poisons
3
The Poison of Kings
4
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5
Arsenic History
Discovery credited to Albertus Magnus 1250
Dartmouth Center for Environmental HealthSciences
6
The Poison of Kings
Cesare Borgia Italy Middle Ages
7
Arsenic Facts
8
Arsenic Facts
9
Arsenic Facts
10
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species

11
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species
  • soil 3-4 ppm
  • water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)

12
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species
  • soil 3-4 ppm
  • water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
  • Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
    activity

13
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species
  • soil 3-4 ppm
  • water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
  • Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
    activity
  • Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity

14
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species
  • soil 3-4 ppm
  • water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
  • Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
    activity
  • Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
  • arsenite (As3) As2O3
  • arsenate (As5) As2O5

15
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species
  • soil 3-4 ppm
  • water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
  • Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
    activity
  • Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
  • arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
    toxic
  • arsenate (As5) As2O5

16
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species
  • soil 3-4 ppm
  • water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
  • Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
    activity
  • Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
  • arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
    toxic
  • arsenate (As5) As2O5
  • As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2

17
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species
  • soil 3-4 ppm
  • water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
  • Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
    activity
  • Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
  • arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
    toxic
  • arsenate (As5) As2O5
  • As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
  • Organic soil, pesticides, marine organisms
    generally less toxic

18
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species
  • soil 3-4 ppm
  • water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
  • Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
    activity
  • Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
  • arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
    toxic
  • arsenate (As5) As2O5
  • As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
  • Organic soil, pesticides, marine organisms
    generally less toxic
  • Human exposure

19
Arsenic Facts
  • Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
    mineral species
  • soil 3-4 ppm
  • water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
  • Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
    activity
  • Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
  • arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
    toxic
  • arsenate (As5) As2O5
  • As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
  • Organic soil, pesticides, marine organisms
    generally less toxic
  • Human exposure
  • Diet -- 80 (poultry, fish, meat, mushrooms),
  • air (mining, smelting, fossil fuels),
    groundwater,
  • timber treatment, pesticides, semi-conductors
    (GaAs)

20
Arsenic Toxicology
  • Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal
    problems

21
Arsenic Toxicology
  • Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal
    problems
  • Proven human carcinogen

22
Arsenic Toxicology
  • Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal
    problems
  • Proven human carcinogen
  • skin, bladder, kidney, lung, liver

23
Arsenic Exposure Standards
  • EPA 10 ppb in drinking water

24
Arsenic Exposure Standards
  • EPA 10 ppb in drinking water (replaced old
    standard 50 ppb)

25
Arsenic Exposure Standards
  • EPA 10 ppb in drinking water
  • RfD 3 x 10-4 mg/kg/day
  • NOAEL 0.009 mg/L
  • LOAEL 0.17 mg/L

26
Arsenic toxicology case studies
Outside Magazine
27
Cancer cluster Churchill Country Nevada
Outside Magazine
28
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29
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30
Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000
31
Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000 Acute leukemia
32
Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000 Acute leukemia Expected 2
33
Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000 Acute leukemia Expected 2 Observed 16
34
Municipal water supply from basalt aquifer
underneath Rattlesnake Hill, near Fallon
35
Municipal water supply from basalt aquifer
underneath Rattlesnake Hill, near Fallon
gt 100 ppb As
36
Cancer cluster Churchill Country Nevada
Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
37
Nevada Cancer cluster other possible etiologies
  • Benzene from jet fuel spills
  • tungsten, cobalt, EMF from long-range
    transmitter

Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
38
Arsenic Compliance
  • 19 million Treatment plant constructed

39
Arsenic Compliance
  • 19 million Treatment plant constructed
  • enhanced iron-based coagulation/filtration system

40
Arsenic Compliance
  • 19 million Treatment plant constructed
  • enhanced iron-based coagulation/filtration
    system
  • As3 and As5 strongly adsorb to iron oxides

41
Arsenic in groundwater Bangladesh
42
Arsenic in groundwater Bangladesh
43
Arsenic in groundwater Bangladesh
44
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45
BBC
46
UNESCO
47
UNESCO
48
UNESCO
49
UNESCO/BBC
50
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52
Small-scale water treatment
  • Sono filter composite iron matrix filter

53
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54
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