Biosorption

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Presented By
Amina Hayyat Roll No.922
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Biosorption of Heavy Metals
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contents

• Biosorption
• Heavy Metals
• Toxic Heavy Metals
• Biosorption of Heavy Metals
• Mechanism
• Factors affecting Biosorption
• Biosorbants
• Advantages
• Uses
• Conclusion
• Suggestion
• References

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ss
What is Biosorption

• Biosorption is a property of certain types of
  inactive, dead, microbial biomass to bond and
  concentrate heavy metals from even very dilute
  aqueous solutions.
• The cell wall structure of certain algae, fungi
  and bacteria is responsible for this phenomenon.
• Biosorption is opposite to the metabolically
  driven active bioaccumulation by living cells.

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Heavy Metals

• Heavy metals are chemical
  elements with a specific gravity that
  is at least 5 times the specific gravity
• of the water.
  
• Arsenic 5.7
• Cadmium 8.65
• Iron 7.9
• Lead 11.34
• Mercury 13.546

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• Heavy metals become toxic when they are not
  metabolized by the body and accumulate in the
  soft tissues.
• Toxic metals are Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sn and Zn.
• Symptoms of heavy metal toxicity are
• Mental confusion
• Gastrointestinal upsets
• Food intolerances allergies
• Headaches
• Short term memory loss
• Pain in the muscles and joints
• Chronic fatigue
• Vision problems

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Biosorption of Heavy Metals

• Biosorption is a rapid phenomenon of passive
  metal sequestration by non-growing biomass.
• Biosorption is possible by both living and
  non-living biomass.
• Bioaccumulation is a growth dependent process and
  Biosorption involves mechanism like ion exchange,
  chelation, and complexation.
• Metal binding appears to be as two step process,
  where
• Stoichiometric interaction between the metal and
  the reactive metal and reactive chemical groups
  in the cell wall
• An inorganic deposition of increased amount of
  metal.

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Mechanisms
The complex structure of microorganisms have
many ways for the metal to be taken up by the
microbial cell.

• Dddddddddddddddd
• According to the dependence on cells metabolism
  biosorption mechanism can be divided into
• Metabolism dependent
• Non-metabolism dependent

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Non-metabolism dependent
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Con.

• According to the location where the metal removed
  from the solution is found, biosorption can be
  classified as
• Extra cellular accumulation / precipitation
• Cell surface sorption / precipitation
• Intracellular accumulation

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Factors affecting Biosorption

• pH
• Temperature
• Biomass Concentration
• Interaction b/w different metallic ions

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Biosorbants

• Fungi
• Streptoverticillum
• Saccharomyces
• Aspergillus terreus
• Filamentous fungi
• Rhizopus Arrhizus
• Bacteria
• Bacillus subtilius
• B.licheniformis

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Advantages

• Some of the key features of biosorption compared
  to conventional processes include
• Competitive performance
• Heavy metal selectivity
• Cost effectiveness
• Metal recovery
• No sludge generation
• Biosorption is particularly economical and
  competitive for environmental application in
  detoxifying effluents from, for example

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Cont..

1. Metal plating and metal finishing process
2. Mining and ore processing operations
3. Metal processing
4. Battery and accumulator manufacturing
5. Thermal power generation
6. Nuclear power generation

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Uses

• Environmentally friendly filtering techniques.
• Rigorous filtering of harmful pollutants created
  by industrial process and all around human
  activity.
• In industry removal can be accomplished with
  biosorption techniques.
• It is alternative to using man-made ion exchange
  resin, which cost ten times more then
  biosorbants.
• Uses of biosorbantion is seen inactivated
  filters.
• They can filter air and water by allowing
  contaminants to bind to their incredibly porous
  and high surfaces structure.

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conclusion

• Biosorption is useful alternative to conventional
  systems.
• It refers to physiochemical mechanisms of
  inactive metal uptake.
• The biomass must comes from natural source.
• Seaweeds, molds, yeasts, bacteria, crab shells
  can be used as biomass.

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Suggestion
Biosorption is an environment friendly process as
compared to other chemical techniques. This
process requires research and investigation to
modify and effectiveness both in long term and
short term processes. Biosorption has wide
industrial applications. So we should adopt this
process to get environment friendly remediation
of heavy metals from environment.
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References

• 1. G. Rich, K. Cherry, Hazardous Waste Treatment
  Technologies, Pudvan Publishers, New york (1987)
• 2. R.K. Trivedi, Pollution Management in
  Industries, Environmental Publications, Karad
  (1989)
• 3. B. Vole sky, Biosorbent Materials, Biotechnoi.
  Bioeng Symp., 16 121-126 (1986)
• 5. N. Kuyucak and B. Vole sky, Biosorbents
  forrecovery of metals from industrial solutions.
  Biotechnol Left., 10 (2), 137-142 (1988)

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Thank You
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